專業礦用型聚能管施工工藝嚴格遵循六字方針(掛滿、貼緊、對準):(1)要保證炮眼打眼質量,炮眼必須按技術要求合理布置。(2)要保證掏槽眼以及其他眼眼的打眼質量,一定要在規定位置上打眼;二湛江礦用型聚能管要(yao)保證(zheng)炮眼(yan)深度和角度。(3)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管裝(zhuang)藥時(shi),要(yao)保證(zheng)乳化炸藥在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管中空(kong)內(nei)壁中填(tian)充(chong)飽滿不(bu)得有空(kong)隙出(chu)現時(shi)以(yi)產(chan)生拒爆。(4)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管在(zai)炮眼(yan)中裝(zhuang)填(tian)時(shi),要(yao)保證(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管的兩條聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)指向巷(xiang)道(dao)輪廓線方向并且各個炮眼(yan)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)軸線方面要(yao)保證(zheng)相互連接在(zai)隧(sui)道(dao)輪廓線上。否則成型效果不(bu)僅(jin)不(bu)好,反而更差。(5)保證(zheng)炮眼(yan)堵塞質量。(6)放炮員(yuan)應提前按規定裝(zhuang)好聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管的炸藥,并做(zuo)好準備工作(zuo)。試用范(fan)圍:一級至五(wu)級圍巖的光面爆破工程。
水壓光(guang)(guang)面爆破(po)技術(shu),是(shi)在水壓光(guang)(guang)面爆破(po)技術(shu)基(ji)礎上發展起(qi)來的(de)(de)(de)一項新技術(shu),其掏槽(cao)眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝藥(yao)結構和(he)(he)爆破(po)方(fang)式(shi)與水壓光(guang)(guang)面爆破(po)相同,但(dan)在周邊眼(yan)中安裝專用(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管裝置替代常規爆破(po)藥(yao)卷(juan)和(he)(he)傳(chuan)爆線,利用(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)粒(li)子射流動能(neng)(neng)、高壓爆破(po)氣體應力及“氣楔”作用(yong),形成平整圓(yuan)順的(de)(de)(de)開挖輪廓面,對(dui)控制超欠挖具有(you)良好效(xiao)果,有(you)效(xiao)提升了(le)隧道施工質量、進(jin)度和(he)(he)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益。科(ke)學合理地利用(yong)能(neng)(neng)源,提高能(neng)(neng)源利用(yong)效(xiao)率,對(dui)節能(neng)(neng)減排也十分重要。利用(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管兩端的(de)(de)(de)水平開出的(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)應對(dui)巖石進(jin)行破(po)碎。據(ju)專家測算,由于聚能(neng)(neng)管兩端聚能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)應,其能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比(bi)提升一個(ge)量級。
水壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)較(jiao)水壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po),在周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)單循(xun)環(huan)火工品使用(yong)量上(shang)節(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)8.3%,周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)鉆孔數量從39個(ge)下降為(wei)23個(ge)費(fei)用(yong)節(jie)約41%,混凝土噴射(she)每延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約1.37立方(fang)米(mi)。水壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)比水壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)每循(xun)環(huan)節(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)258.4元,即(ji)每延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約76較(jiao)元,節(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)比例達(da)32%。此外(wai),聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)水壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)能(neng)(neng)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)降低隧道內石(shi)渣(zha)塊度和(he)粉塵含(han)量,還可(ke)使通風時間(jian)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工藝技(ji)術(shu)很(hen)成(cheng)熟、可(ke)操作性很(hen)強、材料成(cheng)本很(hen)低、施(shi)工速度很(hen)快(kuai)、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環(huan)保(bao)效(xiao)(xiao)果很(hen)顯(xian)著、經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益社會效(xiao)(xiao)益很(hen)高。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)是(shi)近幾(ji)年發(fa)展起來(lai)的(de)(de)一項掘進新(xin)技(ji)術(shu),這(zhe)種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)與傳統(tong)的(de)(de)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)有(you)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)差(cha)別,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)原理(li)是(shi)在巷(xiang)道周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)中,將炸裝在聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)時利用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)作用(yong),以減少裂隙的(de)(de)數量和(he)控(kong)制優(you)勢裂隙的(de)(de)發(fa)展方(fang)向。
各(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材銷毀以及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材意外(wai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時(shi)(shi),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)源(yuan)與(yu)人(ren)員和(he)其他保(bao)護對象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)應取各(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)效(xiao)應(地震(zhen)、沖擊波(bo)、飛(fei)石(shi)、有(you)毒氣(qi)(qi)體等)分別(bie)核定(ding)的(de)(de)大(da)值(zhi)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時(shi)(shi),必(bi)然(ran)產生(sheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)、空氣(qi)(qi)沖擊波(bo)、碎石(shi)飛(fei)散及(ji)有(you)害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)體,因此,爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設計時(shi)(shi)必(bi)須(xu)確(que)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)危害(hai)范(fan)圍(wei),并確(que)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)(dian)到附(fu)近(jin)人(ren)員、設備(bei)、建(jian)筑物及(ji)井巷等的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan),這(zhe)一段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。如(ru)何控制好(hao)這(zhe)段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就顯(xian)的(de)(de)尤為(wei)(wei)重要。為(wei)(wei)保(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地點(dian)(dian)與(yu)人(ren)員或其他應保(bao)護對象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)間必(bi)須(xu)保(bao)持(chi)短的(de)(de)相隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)效(xiao)應隨距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)增加有(you)規(gui)律地衰(shuai)減,用距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)作為(wei)(wei)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)尺度可限(xian)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)效(xiao)應在允許限(xian)度之(zhi)(zhi)內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)》規(gui)定(ding)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li),個別(bie)飛(fei)散物安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li),以及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊波(bo)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。