是將炸藥裝(zhuang)在(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)內(nei)，兩頭均放置了水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)，聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)爆(bao)炸產生(sheng)的(de)高溫高壓射流，讓水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)產生(sheng)“水(shui)(shui)楔(xie)”效應,使圍巖裂(lie)縫加(jia)劇(ju)延(yan)伸擴(kuo)展。它是在(zai)水(shui)(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破(po)基(ji)礎(chu)上發展起來的(de)一項(xiang)新技術，區別只(zhi)(zhi)是在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼中(zhong)安裝(zhuang)專用(yong)線(xian)(xian)性聚(ju)能(neng)藥管(guan)替(ti)代常規(gui)爆(bao)破(po)藥卷和傳爆(bao)線(xian)(xian)，只(zhi)(zhi)要做到(dao)七大(da)關鍵環節：水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)挺拔飽滿、炮(pao)泥(ni)(ni)軟硬適(shi)中(zhong)、水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)裝(zhuang)填到(dao)底、炮(pao)泥(ni)(ni)回填到(dao)口、木(mu)棍逐節搗固、水(shui)(shui)藥緊密(mi)相(xiang)連、槽面必須平行，就能(neng)對控制超(chao)欠挖起到(dao)良好(hao)效果。在(zai)推廣(guang)水(shui)(shui)壓爆(bao)破(po)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上，去年9月，水(shui)(shui)壓聚(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)成(cheng)果上，今年更為深入(ru)地在(zai)興泉鐵路(lu)大(da)嶺隧道、牡佳鐵路(lu)麻山隧道采(cai)用(yong)了此項(xiang)技術，積(ji)累了成(cheng)功經驗。

聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)(bao)由炸、形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)、隔板、殼體(ti)、引信和(he)支(zhi)架等(deng)(deng)部分組成，其(qi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)及對聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)(bao)威力(li)的(de)影響分述如下(xia)。1．炸，炸是聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)爆(bao)破的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，炸的(de)爆(bao)壓越(yue)大(da)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威力(li)越(yue)大(da)；為(wei)得(de)到高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)壓，需高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)速、高(gao)(gao)密度的(de)炸。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)炸有梯(ti)恩梯(ti)、8321炸等(deng)(deng)，裝方法(fa)有熔(rong)鑄，塑(su)(su)裝和(he)壓裝多(duo)種。2．型(xing)罩(zhao)，型(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是把炸的(de)爆(bao)炸能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)成罩(zhao)體(ti)材料(liao)的(de)射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高(gao)(gao)其(qi)穿透和(he)切(qie)割能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)材料(liao)必須滿足四點(dian)要(yao)(yao)求，即可壓縮性(xing)小、密度高(gao)(gao)、塑(su)(su)性(xing)和(he)延展性(xing)好(hao)，在形(xing)(xing)成射流中(zhong)(zhong)不汽(qi)化(hua)。大(da)量試驗證明(ming)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)紫銅(tong)制作(zuo)型(xing)罩(zhao)效果好(hao)，其(qi)次(ci)為(wei)鑄鐵、鋼(gang)和(he)陶瓷。型(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)形(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)種多(duo)樣，主要(yao)(yao)有軸對稱(cheng)型(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)、拋(pao)物線形(xing)(xing)和(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)；面對稱(cheng)型(xing)，常見的(de)有用(yong)(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割屬板材的(de)直線形(xing)(xing)和(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割管(guan)材的(de)環(huan)形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)兩種；中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)對稱(cheng)型(xing)，這(zhe)種球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)(bao)，中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)有球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)外敷設炸，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在瞬間同(tong)時起爆(bao)，可在空腔中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)點(dian)獲(huo)得(de)極(ji)大(da)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)(zhong)。在工程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)是軸對稱(cheng)型(xing)和(he)面對稱(cheng)型(xing)兩類型(xing)罩(zhao)。

施工工藝嚴(yan)格遵(zun)循六字方針(掛(gua)滿、貼緊、對準(zhun))：(1)要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量(liang),炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)必須(xu)按技術要(yao)求(qiu)合(he)理布置(zhi)。(2)要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)掏槽眼(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)及其(qi)他眼(yan)(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)的打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量(liang),一定要(yao)在(zai)(zai)規定位置(zhi)上打眼(yan)(yan)(yan);二要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)深度和角度。(3)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管裝藥時,要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)乳化(hua)炸藥在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管中空內壁中填充飽滿不(bu)得有(you)空隙出現時以(yi)產生拒爆(bao)。(4)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管在(zai)(zai)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)中裝填時,要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管的兩條(tiao)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽指(zhi)向巷道(dao)輪廓線方向并且各(ge)個炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管的聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽軸線方面(mian)要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)相(xiang)互連接在(zai)(zai)隧(sui)道(dao)輪廓線上。否則成型(xing)效果不(bu)僅不(bu)好(hao),反而更差。(5)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)堵塞質(zhi)量(liang)。(6)放炮(pao)員應提(ti)前按規定裝好(hao)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管的炸藥,并做好(hao)準(zhun)備工作。試用范圍(wei):一級至五級圍(wei)巖的光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破工程。

我國20世紀60年代利用斷裂力學對巖石損傷引起的裂紋擴展進行過試驗研究，c型聚能管廠家為聚能爆破技術應用到工程做了不少理論分析，也取得一些進展。80年代中期開始進行應用研究，以北京礦業學院為代表，著重研究了聚能藥包切割饑理和應用。1987年淮南礦業學院取得“雙面切割器”的zhuanli，1995年又取得“大理石花崗巖切割技術應用”zhuanli。1991年中國水電七局曾試圖采用硬質紙加工聚能藥管成形聚能藥卷做過聚能預裂爆破試驗研究，c型聚能管廠家但(dan)終因當時(shi)的技術(shu)及工藝(yi)水平的限制無法用于正常(chang)施(shi)工，但(dan)是他們開(kai)了橢圓雙(shuang)極線性(xing)聚能結(jie)構試驗的先河。雙(shuang)聚能預裂(lie)與光面爆破綜合技術(shu)開(kai)創(chuang)輪廓(kuo)控制爆破新時(shi)代。

是由(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體、前(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)(du)(du)構(gou)成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體為塑性材料制成，呈(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)小(xiao)于(yu)正(zheng)常(chang)炮眼內(nei)徑(jing)，長度可隨(sui)爆破(po)需要生(sheng)產(chan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體兩端(duan)(duan)各(ge)有外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)，兩端(duan)(duan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)間(jian)有一(yi)縱(zong)向切縫(feng)，切縫(feng)間(jian)等距有加強筋，前(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈(cheng)(cheng)傘(san)狀，傘(san)形(xing)尖(jian)有一(yi)光(guang)孔(kong)，兩側直(zhi)壁內(nei)徑(jing)有螺(luo)紋(wen)，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)前(qian)(qian)端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)(he)，帽(mao)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體，后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)(du)(du)為一(yi)封蓋，外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)，與前(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)一(yi)致，后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)(du)(du)內(nei)徑(jing)有螺(luo)紋(wen)，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)后(hou)(hou)端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)(he)。可根據炮眼深(shen)度采用合(he)(he)適的聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體，不(bu)需其他(ta)工具幫助送入炮眼，切縫(feng)方向準確，兩端(duan)(duan)的前(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)(du)(du)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)與炮眼內(nei)徑(jing)一(yi)致，保證聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體同(tong)心，定(ding)(ding)向準確。且利于(yu)工業化生(sheng)產(chan)，作業安(an)全(quan)

各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材銷毀以及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材意(yi)外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)源與人員(yuan)和(he)其他保護對象之間的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)應(ying)取各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)效應(ying)（地震(zhen)、沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)波、飛石、有(you)毒(du)氣體等(deng)）分別核定(ding)的(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)時，必然產(chan)生(sheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)、空(kong)氣沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)波、碎石飛散(san)(san)及(ji)有(you)害(hai)氣體，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)設(she)計時必須確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)危害(hai)范圍，并確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到(dao)附近人員(yuan)、設(she)備、建筑物及(ji)井巷等(deng)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，這一段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。如何控制好這段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就顯的(de)尤為(wei)重要。為(wei)保證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地點(dian)與人員(yuan)或其他應(ying)保護對象之間必須保持短的(de)相隔(ge)長度(du)(du)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)效應(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)的(de)增加(jia)有(you)規(gui)律地衰(shuai)減，用距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)作為(wei)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)尺度(du)(du)可限(xian)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)效應(ying)在(zai)允許(xu)限(xian)度(du)(du)之內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)程》規(gui)定(ding)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)，個別飛散(san)(san)物安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)，以及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)波的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。