是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前(qian)(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定格帽、后(hou)定格堵(du)構成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)塑性材料制(zhi)成(cheng)，呈(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)小于(yu)正(zheng)常炮(pao)(pao)眼內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可(ke)隨爆(bao)破(po)需要生產，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩端(duan)各有(you)外(wai)(wai)螺紋(wen)，兩端(duan)外(wai)(wai)螺紋(wen)間(jian)有(you)一(yi)(yi)縱向切縫，切縫間(jian)等距有(you)加(jia)強筋(jin)，前(qian)(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定格帽呈(cheng)傘(san)狀，傘(san)形(xing)(xing)尖有(you)一(yi)(yi)光孔，兩側(ce)直壁內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)螺紋(wen)，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)前(qian)(qian)端(duan)螺紋(wen)配合，帽體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后(hou)定格堵(du)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)封蓋，外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)，與前(qian)(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定格帽外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，后(hou)定格堵(du)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)螺紋(wen)，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)后(hou)端(duan)螺紋(wen)配合。可(ke)根據炮(pao)(pao)眼深(shen)度(du)采用合適的聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不(bu)需其他工(gong)具幫助送入炮(pao)(pao)眼，切縫方向準確(que)，兩端(duan)的前(qian)(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定格帽和后(hou)定格堵(du)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)與炮(pao)(pao)眼內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，保(bao)證(zheng)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同(tong)心，定向準確(que)。且利(li)于(yu)工(gong)業(ye)化生產，作業(ye)安全

預裂(lie)(lie)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)歷史與現狀：預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)沿(yan)設(she)計(ji)開挖邊(bian)界布(bu)(bu)置密集(ji)炮孔(kong)(kong)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)取不耦合裝藥或(huo)(huo)裝填低威力炸(zha)藥，在主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)之(zhi)前起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)與保留(liu)(liu)區(qu)之(zhi)間形成(cheng)預裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)，以(yi)減弱主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)對保留(liu)(liu)巖體的(de)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)壞并形成(cheng)平(ping)整(zheng)輪廓面(mian)(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作業。光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)沿(yan)設(she)計(ji)開挖邊(bian)界布(bu)(bu)設(she)密集(ji)炮孔(kong)(kong)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)用不耦合裝藥或(huo)(huo)裝填低威力炸(zha)藥，在主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)之(zhi)后起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)以(yi)形成(cheng)平(ping)整(zheng)的(de)開挖輪廓面(mian)(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展是(shi)(shi)先出(chu)現光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，然后衍(yan)生發(fa)(fa)展為(wei)預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。聚能管國(guo)(guo)內歷史與現狀，我國(guo)(guo)于1964～1965年在湖北陸水水電(dian)站施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)做(zuo)過(guo)淺孔(kong)(kong)預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)試驗(yan)，1965年鐵(tie)道部門(men)在成(cheng)昆鐵(tie)路建設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)開始試驗(yan)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，1977年在西(xi)延線張家船工(gong)點，全長近200m的(de)2000m2路塹邊(bian)坡(po)全部采(cai)(cai)(cai)用光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)后邊(bian)坡(po)平(ping)整(zheng)穩定(ding)，殘留(liu)(liu)的(de)半孔(kong)(kong)清晰可見，是(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)路建設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用路塹光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。

水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術基礎上(shang)發展起(qi)來的一項(xiang)新技術，其掏槽眼(yan)(yan)、輔助眼(yan)(yan)裝藥(yao)結構和爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方(fang)式與水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)相同，但在周邊眼(yan)(yan)中安裝專用(yong)(yong)線(xian)性聚能藥(yao)管替代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)藥(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)，利用(yong)(yong)線(xian)性聚能藥(yao)管產(chan)生的粒子射(she)(she)流動(dong)能、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)氣體(ti)應(ying)力及“氣楔”作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，形成平(ping)整圓順(shun)的開挖(wa)(wa)輪(lun)廓(kuo)面(mian)(mian)，對控(kong)制超欠挖(wa)(wa)具有(you)良好效(xiao)(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提升(sheng)了隧道施工質量(liang)(liang)、進(jin)度(du)和經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益。水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)較(jiao)水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，在周邊眼(yan)(yan)單循環火工品使用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)上(shang)節約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊眼(yan)(yan)鉆孔數量(liang)(liang)從39個(ge)下降為23個(ge)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)節約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土噴射(she)(she)每延(yan)(yan)米節約(yue)(yue)1.37立方(fang)米。聚能水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)比(bi)水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)每循環節約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)258.4元，即(ji)每延(yan)(yan)米節約(yue)(yue)76較(jiao)元，節約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)比(bi)例達32%。此外，聚能水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)能有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)降低隧道內石渣塊度(du)和粉塵含量(liang)(liang)，還可使通風時間有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。

采用一種(zhong)抗(kang)靜電阻燃(ran)的(de)(de)特種(zhong)塑料管(guan)(guan)、異(yi)形雙槽聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)，根據炮眼深度可(ke)(ke)長可(ke)(ke)短。是(shi)兩個(ge)相似半壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)組成(cheng)，半壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)中央有個(ge)凹(ao)進去的(de)(de)槽叫做'聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽"，使用聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)成(cheng)型效(xiao)(xiao)果好，開挖輪廓線(xian)平順整齊，圍(wei)巖(yan)擾(rao)動(dong)減少(shao)(shao)、超欠挖明顯(xian)改善，有利于支護工(gong)序施工(gong)，同(tong)時(shi)混(hun)凝(ning)土回填成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)大為降(jiang)(jiang)低。鑿孔(kong)率(lv)減少(shao)(shao)30%，大大降(jiang)(jiang)低了(le)爆(bao)破(po)(po)作業工(gong)班的(de)(de)勞動(dong)量:鉆孔(kong)縮(suo)短30分鐘(zhong)、少(shao)(shao)打(da)眼、出渣量減少(shao)(shao)，降(jiang)(jiang)低了(le)材料成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、減少(shao)(shao)工(gong)時(shi)消耗(hao)、勞動(dong)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)明顯(xian)提高(gao)，周邊眼爆(bao)破(po)(po)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)降(jiang)(jiang)低30%以上，半眼痕(hen)保留率(lv)高(gao)達85%以上。pvc爆(bao)破(po)(po)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)主要應用于隧道、煤礦、鐵礦等需要進行光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)施工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)程。采用聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)可(ke)(ke)減少(shao)(shao)鉆孔(kong)，擴大孔(kong)距，減少(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)管(guan)(guan)用量，減少(shao)(shao)超挖，減少(shao)(shao)噴漿，提高(gao)半孔(kong)率(lv)，既(ji)節(jie)省了(le)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)又提高(gao)了(le)施工(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。

我(wo)國20世紀60年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)利用斷裂力學(xue)對巖石(shi)損傷(shang)引起的(de)裂紋擴展(zhan)進(jin)行過(guo)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)研(yan)究，為(wei)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)應用到工程做(zuo)了(le)不少理論分析，也取得一些進(jin)展(zhan)。80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)中期開始進(jin)行應用研(yan)究，以北京礦(kuang)業學(xue)院(yuan)為(wei)代(dai)表(biao)，著重研(yan)究了(le)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥包切(qie)割(ge)饑理和應用。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)淮南礦(kuang)業學(xue)院(yuan)取得“雙面切(qie)割(ge)器”的(de)zhuanli，1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)又取得“大理石(shi)花(hua)崗巖切(qie)割(ge)技(ji)術(shu)應用”zhuanli。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)中國水電七(qi)局曾試(shi)(shi)(shi)圖采用硬質紙加工聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥管成形聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥卷做(zuo)過(guo)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)預裂爆(bao)破(po)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)研(yan)究，但(dan)終因當時(shi)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)及工藝水平的(de)限(xian)制(zhi)無法(fa)用于正常(chang)施工，但(dan)是他們開了(le)橢圓雙極(ji)線性(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)結構試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)先河。雙聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)預裂與光面爆(bao)破(po)綜合技(ji)術(shu)開創輪廓控制(zhi)爆(bao)破(po)新時(shi)代(dai)。

宿遷o型聚能管不成功的事例是有的，如爆而不倒、實施定向爆破后沒有按爆破方案的方向倒塌等等。這些事例警示:從爆破設計、爆破器材質量、爆破施工到起爆網路連接等，只要有一個環節出現失誤，都將影響爆破工程的效果，乃至造成嚴重的后果。o型聚能管廠家爆(bao)破作(zuo)(zuo)業無(wu)論是(shi)老舊建筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)本身還(huan)是(shi)周圍環(huan)境都(dou)十分(fen)復雜，這不(bu)僅要求認真(zhen)調查爆(bao)破體(ti)的(de)(de)結構(包括(kuo)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)缺陷)，分(fen)析受力(li)狀況(kuang)，同時(shi)還(huan)要對采取技術措施(如預處理、嵌補、支撐(cheng)等)的(de)(de)可靠和(he)安全(quan)性進行(xing)分(fen)析，對可能出現的(de)(de)意外情況(kuang)，應預先制(zhi)定(ding)應急方案(an)，努力(li)避免安全(quan)事故和(he)不(bu)必要的(de)(de)損失。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)環(huan)保(bao)(bao)性越來越受到人們(men)的(de)(de)關注，同時(shi)，探索無(wu)公害的(de)(de)拆(chai)除(chu)爆(bao)破技術，一直是(shi)爆(bao)破工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)者追求的(de)(de)目(mu)標。設(she)立(li)掩蔽體(ti)對物(wu)(wu)體(ti)加以保(bao)(bao)護，簡單的(de)(de)辦法是(shi)用草袋、竹笆一類材料覆蓋在需要保(bao)(bao)護的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)上(shang)(shang)面(mian);對房屋和(he)機(ji)器設(she)備常要在迎(ying)面(mian)和(he)頂部豎(shu)立(li)排架，用木板或(huo)荊笆上(shang)(shang)罩鐵絲(si)網，抵御較(jiao)多的(de)(de)飛石(shi)和(he)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)空氣沖(chong)擊(ji)波的(de)(de)打擊(ji);對某些重要工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)打防(fang)震孔或(huo)者用預裂爆(bao)破將爆(bao)破區(qu)和(he)被保(bao)(bao)護的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)或(huo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程設(she)施隔離開(kai)來。