發(fa)揮巨大效(xiao)力的(de)(de)關鍵又在其(qi)上(shang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽”上(shang)。項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)部目(mu)(mu)(mu)前采(cai)用的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)有兩(liang)個(ge)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽”，通過(guo)這兩(liang)個(ge)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽的(de)(de)作用讓(rang)爆(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)威(wei)力在隧(sui)道(dao)中(zhong)切割(ge)出(chu)十(shi)分平順的(de)(de)輪(lun)廓線(xian)，的(de)(de)控制(zhi)了(le)(le)爆(bao)(bao)破量，有效(xiao)管(guan)控了(le)(le)超(chao)挖欠挖的(de)(de)現象。為了(le)(le)進一步嚴格控制(zhi)開挖輪(lun)廓，達到提高(gao)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破效(xiao)果的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)，并研(yan)究出(chu)了(le)(le)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)上(shang)兩(liang)個(ge)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽”變為三個(ge)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽”的(de)(de)發(fa)明(ming)設計(ji)，目(mu)(mu)(mu)前，該(gai)發(fa)明(ming)設計(ji)已(yi)經(jing)(jing)進入(ru)到了(le)(le)試生(sheng)產階(jie)(jie)段。未來，三“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽”設計(ji)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)水壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破技術將推(tui)動中(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)十(shi)四(si)局四(si)公司張(zhang)吉懷鐵(tie)(tie)路項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)部施(shi)工開展(zhan)邁上(shang)一個(ge)新的(de)(de)臺階(jie)(jie)，給項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)部帶來巨大的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益。工程爆(bao)(bao)破技術經(jing)(jing)過(guo)幾十(shi)年的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，已(yi)經(jing)(jing)滲透到經(jing)(jing)濟建(jian)設的(de)(de)眾多領(ling)域，特(te)別(bie)為中(zhong)國的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)路建(jian)設、礦山開采(cai)、城市拆舊(jiu)定向爆(bao)(bao)破等做出(chu)了(le)(le)重要貢獻。

我國于1983年(nian)制(zhi)定了《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)(yan)行基礎開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電建(jian)設中(zhong)預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)已成為必須進(jin)行的(de)(de)保護邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)質量的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)開挖(wa)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施。此后(hou)在(zai)(zai)此基礎上修訂的(de)(de)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)基礎開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規范》(SL 47一1994)以及在(zai)(zai)《水(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)基礎開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)均被編(bian)入并有所改進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)修編(bian)為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道(dao)部(bu)(bu)也不(bu)僅規定了凡是Ⅲ級以上的(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)，設計邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)坡(po)(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)部(bu)(bu)位的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)設計和施工(gong)(gong)都應采用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)或預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)，并闡(chan)述了光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)設計的(de)(de)原(yuan)則和參數、安全措(cuo)施，而且(qie)還(huan)明確了路塹邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)項目(mu)質量驗收檢(jian)測數量和檢(jian)測方法。無疑該規程的(de)(de)實施，有力地推動和促進(jin)了光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)鐵路建(jian)設中(zhong)的(de)(de)應用(yong)與發展。

專用o型聚能管采用一種抗靜電阻燃的特種塑料管、異形雙槽聚能管，根據炮眼深度可長可短。洛陽o型聚能管是(shi)兩個(ge)相似半(ban)壁管(guan)組成(cheng)，半(ban)壁管(guan)中央有個(ge)凹進去的(de)槽(cao)叫做'聚能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)"，使用(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)成(cheng)型效(xiao)果好，開挖(wa)輪廓線(xian)平順整齊(qi)，圍巖擾動(dong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)、超(chao)欠挖(wa)明顯(xian)改(gai)善，有利于支護工(gong)(gong)序施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，同時混凝土(tu)回填成(cheng)本(ben)大(da)為降低。鑿孔(kong)率減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)30%，大(da)大(da)降低了(le)爆(bao)破(po)(po)作業工(gong)(gong)班的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)量(liang)(liang):鉆(zhan)孔(kong)縮短(duan)30分鐘(zhong)、少(shao)打眼(yan)、出渣量(liang)(liang)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)，降低了(le)材料成(cheng)本(ben)、減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)工(gong)(gong)時消(xiao)耗、勞(lao)動(dong)效(xiao)率明顯(xian)提高，周邊眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)成(cheng)本(ben)降低30%以(yi)上，半(ban)眼(yan)痕保留率高達85%以(yi)上。pvc爆(bao)破(po)(po)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)主(zhu)要應用(yong)(yong)于隧道、煤礦、鐵礦等需要進行光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)可(ke)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)，擴大(da)孔(kong)距，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)導(dao)爆(bao)管(guan)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)超(chao)挖(wa)，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)噴(pen)漿，提高半(ban)孔(kong)率，既節省了(le)成(cheng)本(ben)又提高了(le)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率。

水壓光(guang)面爆破技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)在隧道掘進(jin)作(zuo)業(ye)中的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際應用(yong)。提(ti)(ti)升光(guang)面爆破水平(ping)、嚴(yan)抓隧道超(chao)挖(wa)管(guan)(guan)控進(jin)行(xing)了介紹。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)水壓光(guang)面爆破工(gong)藝技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)很(hen)(hen)成熟、可操(cao)作(zuo)性(xing)很(hen)(hen)強、材料成本(ben)很(hen)(hen)低、施工(gong)速度(du)(du)很(hen)(hen)快、節能(neng)(neng)環(huan)保效(xiao)果很(hen)(hen)顯著、經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)社會效(xiao)益(yi)很(hen)(hen)高。一是要(yao)提(ti)(ti)高對推廣該項技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)重要(yao)性(xing)和必然性(xing)的(de)(de)認識(shi);二是要(yao)樹立(li)必須采(cai)取聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)水壓光(guang)面爆破的(de)(de)意識(shi);三是要(yao)堅(jian)(jian)持培(pei)訓(xun)、示范、監(jian)督“三位一體”;四(si)是要(yao)制(zhi)定(ding)切實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)獎懲(cheng)制(zhi)度(du)(du);五(wu)是要(yao)建立(li)檢(jian)查(cha)監(jian)督機制(zhi)，持續促進(jin)該項技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)深入推廣。在隧道施工(gong)的(de)(de)現場管(guan)(guan)理、科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創新、人才培(pei)養(yang)、經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)等(deng)方面的(de)(de)不(bu)足。建議對施工(gong)一線基(ji)礎(chu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)工(gong)作(zuo)扎實(shi)(shi)推進(jin);對新工(gong)藝、先進(jin)工(gong)法要(yao)深入學習(xi)鉆研;對消極懈怠、故步自封的(de)(de)思想(xiang)要(yao)堅(jian)(jian)決(jue)抵制(zhi)。

水(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較(jiao)水(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)單循環火工(gong)品(pin)使用(yong)量(liang)上節約(yue)費(fei)用(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)鉆孔數量(liang)從39個下降為23個費(fei)用(yong)節約(yue)41%，混凝(ning)土噴射每(mei)延米節約(yue)1.37立方米。水(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比水(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每(mei)循環節約(yue)費(fei)用(yong)258.4元，即每(mei)延米節約(yue)76較(jiao)元，節約(yue)費(fei)用(yong)比例達32%。此外，聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)水(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能有(you)效(xiao)降低隧道內石(shi)渣塊度和粉塵(chen)含量(liang)，還可(ke)使通風(feng)時間有(you)效(xiao)縮(suo)短33%。聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)藝技(ji)術很(hen)成熟、可(ke)操(cao)作性很(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)低、施(shi)工(gong)速度很(hen)快、節能環保效(xiao)果很(hen)顯著、經濟效(xiao)益社會效(xiao)益很(hen)高。聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術是近幾年(nian)發(fa)展(zhan)起來(lai)的(de)(de)一(yi)項掘進(jin)新技(ji)術,這(zhe)種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術與傳統(tong)的(de)(de)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)差(cha)別(bie),聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)原理是在巷道周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)中(zhong),將炸(zha)裝(zhuang)在聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)中(zhong)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時利(li)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能作用(yong),以減少裂隙(xi)的(de)(de)數量(liang)和控(kong)制優勢裂隙(xi)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)方向。