各(ge)(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材銷毀以及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)源與(yu)人員和其(qi)(qi)他保(bao)護(hu)對象之間的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)離(li)稱為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)離(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)離(li)應取各(ge)(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)效應（地震、沖擊波(bo)、飛石、有(you)毒氣(qi)體(ti)等）分(fen)別核定的(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時，必然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地震、空氣(qi)沖擊波(bo)、碎石飛散及(ji)有(you)害氣(qi)體(ti)，因(yin)此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設計(ji)時必須確(que)定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)危害范(fan)圍，并確(que)定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點到附近人員、設備(bei)、建筑(zhu)物及(ji)井(jing)巷等的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)，這一(yi)段距(ju)離(li)就稱為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)離(li)。如何控制好(hao)這段距(ju)離(li)就顯(xian)的(de)尤為重(zhong)要。為保(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地點與(yu)人員或其(qi)(qi)他應保(bao)護(hu)對象之間必須保(bao)持短的(de)相隔長(chang)度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效應隨(sui)距(ju)離(li)的(de)增加有(you)規律地衰(shuai)減(jian)，用距(ju)離(li)作為安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)尺度可限定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效應在允(yun)許限度之內(nei)。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)規程(cheng)》規定了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地震安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)離(li)，個別飛散物安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)離(li)，以及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊波(bo)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)離(li)。

我國于1983年制定了《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)行(xing)基礎(chu)(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此(ci)，在(zai)水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)與(yu)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)已成(cheng)為必須進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)保護邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)質量的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)開挖(wa)技(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。此(ci)后在(zai)此(ci)基礎(chu)(chu)上(shang)(shang)修(xiu)訂的(de)(de)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)石基礎(chu)(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及在(zai)《水(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)石基礎(chu)(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)與(yu)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)均被編入(ru)并有(you)所改進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修(xiu)編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部(bu)也(ye)不僅規(gui)(gui)定了凡是(shi)Ⅲ級以上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)巖(yan)石邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)，設(she)(she)計(ji)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)坡(po)(po)(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)部(bu)位(wei)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)設(she)(she)計(ji)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采(cai)用光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)或(huo)預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)，并闡(chan)述(shu)了光(guang)面(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)和參數(shu)(shu)、安全(quan)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還明確了路塹邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)光(guang)面(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)項(xiang)目質量驗(yan)收檢(jian)(jian)測數(shu)(shu)量和檢(jian)(jian)測方法(fa)。無疑該規(gui)(gui)程的(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，有(you)力地推動和促進(jin)了光(guang)面(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)鐵路建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中的(de)(de)應用與(yu)發展。

水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在(zai)周邊(bian)(bian)眼單循環火工品(pin)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)量上(shang)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)(bian)眼鉆孔(kong)數量從39個下降為(wei)23個費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)41%，混(hun)凝土噴射每延(yan)(yan)米(mi)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每循環節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)258.4元(yuan)，即每延(yan)(yan)米(mi)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)76較元(yuan)，節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)比例達32%。此外(wai)，聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)(xiao)降低隧道內(nei)石渣(zha)塊(kuai)度和(he)粉塵含量，還可使(shi)(shi)通風(feng)時(shi)間(jian)有效(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工藝技(ji)術(shu)很(hen)(hen)成(cheng)熟、可操(cao)作性(xing)很(hen)(hen)強、材料成(cheng)本很(hen)(hen)低、施工速(su)度很(hen)(hen)快、節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)環保效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)很(hen)(hen)顯(xian)著、經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)社會效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)很(hen)(hen)高。聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)是(shi)近幾(ji)年發展起(qi)來的(de)一(yi)項掘進(jin)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu),這種爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)與傳統(tong)的(de)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)差(cha)別,聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)原理是(shi)在(zai)巷(xiang)道周邊(bian)(bian)眼中,將(jiang)炸裝在(zai)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中起(qi)爆(bao),爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時(shi)利用(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作用(yong)(yong),以減少裂隙的(de)數量和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)優勢裂隙的(de)發展方向(xiang)。

在鐵路、礦山、水庫等大型工程中，爆破多向聚能管公司爆破技術的作用很關鍵很重要。采礦修路的開山挖隧道，城市對舊建筑物的拆除，都會用到爆破技術。隨著經濟的發展、工程建設的增多，專用爆破多向聚能管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破引起(qi)了人們更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)關注(zhu)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)作為一種科學技(ji)術，應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)很廣，但在工(gong)程(cheng)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)無疑(yi)是(shi)重要、常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)，采礦開(kai)(kai)山，修鐵路(lu)(lu)、公(gong)路(lu)(lu)用(yong)(yong)鉆爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)來(lai)開(kai)(kai)掘隧道，水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)上也(ye)用(yong)(yong)一些，城市(shi)里面也(ye)使用(yong)(yong)了，拆除(chu)樓房。利(li)用(yong)(yong)炸爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)破壞某種物體的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)結構，這種"破壞"效果不(bu)是(shi)其他方法(fa)能(neng)(neng)代替(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，它(ta)雖然不(bu)是(shi)獨立(li)完成一個工(gong)程(cheng)，但卻是(shi)一個重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)序，特別是(shi)石方開(kai)(kai)挖、礦山開(kai)(kai)采等工(gong)程(cheng)缺少(shao)了這個工(gong)序還不(bu)行。中國目前有發達的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵路(lu)(lu)和(he)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)交通網，可以想(xiang)象，當初在修這些路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候會遇到許多高山峻嶺，一座大(da)山橫(heng)在兩地(di)之間，想(xiang)要修路(lu)(lu)，就(jiu)(jiu)必須讓這座山消(xiao)失，這個時候聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破就(jiu)(jiu)起(qi)到決定(ding)性作用(yong)(yong)了。

是(shi)由(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前錐形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)構成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)塑性材(cai)料(liao)制成(cheng)，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)小(xiao)于正常炮眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可(ke)隨爆破需要生產，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩端各(ge)有(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)，兩端外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)間有(you)一(yi)(yi)縱(zong)向(xiang)切(qie)縫，切(qie)縫間等(deng)距有(you)加(jia)強筋，前錐形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈傘(san)狀，傘(san)形(xing)尖有(you)一(yi)(yi)光孔，兩側直(zhi)壁內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)前端螺(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)，帽(mao)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)封蓋(gai)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，與前錐形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)后端螺(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)。可(ke)根據炮眼(yan)深度(du)采用合(he)適的(de)(de)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不需其他工(gong)具幫助送入炮眼(yan)，切(qie)縫方向(xiang)準確，兩端的(de)(de)前錐形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和后定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)與炮眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致，保證聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心，定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確。且利于工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化生產，作業(ye)(ye)安全