是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體、前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)帽(mao)、后(hou)定格(ge)堵構(gou)成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體為塑性材料制(zhi)成，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)正常炮(pao)眼內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可隨爆破(po)需要生產，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體兩端(duan)(duan)各有(you)(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，兩端(duan)(duan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)縱(zong)向切縫，切縫間(jian)等距(ju)有(you)(you)(you)加強筋，前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)帽(mao)呈傘(san)狀(zhuang)，傘(san)形(xing)(xing)尖有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)光孔，兩側直(zhi)壁內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)(you)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合，帽(mao)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體，后(hou)定格(ge)堵為一(yi)封蓋，外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，與前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，后(hou)定格(ge)堵內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)(you)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合。可根據(ju)炮(pao)眼深度(du)采用合適(shi)的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體，不(bu)需其他工具幫助送入炮(pao)眼，切縫方向準確(que)，兩端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)帽(mao)和(he)后(hou)定格(ge)堵外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與炮(pao)眼內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，保證聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體同心，定向準確(que)。且利于(yu)(yu)工業化(hua)生產，作業安全

我國于(yu)1983年(nian)制定了(le)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)巖行基礎開挖(wa)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自(zi)此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)建(jian)(jian)設中預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)與光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)已成為必須進行的(de)(de)保(bao)護邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)開挖(wa)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)措施。此(ci)后在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)基礎上修(xiu)訂的(de)(de)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)巖石(shi)(shi)基礎開挖(wa)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以(yi)及在(zai)(zai)(zai)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)巖石(shi)(shi)基礎開挖(wa)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)與光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)均被編入并有(you)所(suo)改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)(zai)修(xiu)編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道(dao)部也不(bu)僅規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定了(le)凡是(shi)Ⅲ級以(yi)上的(de)(de)巖石(shi)(shi)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)，設計邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)(zai)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)部位的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)設計和(he)施工(gong)都應采(cai)用(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)或預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，并闡述了(le)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)施工(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)設計的(de)(de)原則和(he)參數(shu)、安(an)全措施，而(er)且還(huan)明(ming)確(que)了(le)路塹邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)項目質(zhi)量驗收(shou)檢(jian)測數(shu)量和(he)檢(jian)測方法。無疑該規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)實施，有(you)力地推(tui)動和(he)促(cu)進了(le)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)鐵路建(jian)(jian)設中的(de)(de)應用(yong)與發展。

在工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)，常用(yong)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進(jin)而起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法。它所(suo)需的(de)(de)器材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管、導(dao)(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連接形(xing)式(shi)，要(yao)根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方法、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工程的(de)(de)重要(yao)性、所(suo)選起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等(deng)進(jin)行選擇(ze)，基本連接方式(shi)有(you)(you)：串聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串并(bing)聯(lian)和并(bing)串聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法具(ju)有(you)(you)較(jiao)安全、可靠、準確、高(gao)效等(deng)優點，在國(guo)內外仍占有(you)(you)較(jiao)大比重。在大、中(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)，主(zhu)要(yao)仍是(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是(shi)(shi)在有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)干擾而發(fa)生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)，不能使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管。

安徽多向聚能管發揮巨大效力的關鍵又在其上面的“聚能槽”上。項目部目前采用的聚能管有兩個“聚能槽”，通過這兩個聚能槽的作用讓爆炸的威力在隧道中切割出十分平順的輪廓線，的控制了爆破量，有效管控了超挖欠挖的現象。為了進一步嚴格控制開挖輪廓，達到提高光面爆破效果的目的，并研究出了聚能管上兩個“聚能槽”變為三個“聚能槽”的發明設計，目前，多向聚能管公司該發明設(she)計(ji)(ji)已(yi)經(jing)進入到了(le)試生產階段。未來(lai)，三“聚(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)”設(she)計(ji)(ji)的聚(ju)(ju)能水(shui)壓爆破技術將(jiang)推動中鐵十(shi)四局四公(gong)司張吉懷鐵路項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部施工開展(zhan)邁上(shang)一個新的臺階，給(gei)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部帶來(lai)巨大的經(jing)濟效益。工程爆破技術經(jing)過幾十(shi)年的發展(zhan)，已(yi)經(jing)滲(shen)透到經(jing)濟建設(she)的眾多領域，特別(bie)為中國的鐵路建設(she)、礦山開采、城市拆舊定向(xiang)爆破等做出了(le)重(zhong)要(yao)貢獻。

水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破較(jiao)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破，在周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)眼單(dan)循環火工品(pin)使用量(liang)上(shang)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用8.3%，周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)眼鉆孔(kong)數量(liang)從39個下降為23個費用節(jie)約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土噴(pen)射每(mei)(mei)延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)1.37立方(fang)米(mi)。水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破比水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破每(mei)(mei)循環節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用258.4元，即每(mei)(mei)延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)76較(jiao)元，節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用比例達32%。此外，聚能(neng)管(guan)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破能(neng)有(you)效降低隧道內石(shi)渣塊度(du)和粉塵含量(liang)，還(huan)可使通風時間有(you)效縮短33%。聚能(neng)管(guan)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破工藝技(ji)術很(hen)成(cheng)熟、可操作性很(hen)強、材料(liao)成(cheng)本(ben)很(hen)低、施(shi)工速度(du)很(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)環保效果(guo)很(hen)顯著(zhu)、經濟效益社會(hui)效益很(hen)高。聚能(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破技(ji)術是近幾年發展起來的一項掘進新技(ji)術,這種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破技(ji)術與傳統(tong)的光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破技(ji)術有(you)一定(ding)的差別,聚能(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破原理(li)是在巷道周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)眼中,將(jiang)炸裝在聚能(neng)管(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破時利用聚能(neng)管(guan)的聚能(neng)作用,以減(jian)少裂(lie)隙的數量(liang)和控制優勢裂(lie)隙的發展方(fang)向。

在(zai)建造隧道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)首先想到(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)個方式(shi)(shi)，就是(shi)使用爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，開山(shan)挖隧道(dao)修路，常(chang)規爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)需要使用數以噸計的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸，炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)威(wei)力十分巨(ju)大，但是(shi)在(zai)炸完之后，空氣(qi)中(zhong)全是(shi)煙塵(chen)，根本(ben)無(wu)法進(jin)入，另外常(chang)規爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)炸出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輪廓線凹凸不平，后期常(chang)常(chang)需要工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)進(jin)一(yi)步修補輪廓線才能(neng)進(jin)行下一(yi)道(dao)工(gong)序(xu)，耗時(shi)耗力，那(nei)么有沒有其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)(shi)比常(chang)規爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)更(geng)好呢(ni)？2018年3月，央(yang)視報道(dao)了一(yi)場隧道(dao)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)對比實(shi)驗(yan)，實(shi)驗(yan)采用兩種(zhong)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，滴喲(yo)中(zhong)是(shi)使用炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)規爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，第(di)二種(zhong)則是(shi)國人(ren)(ren)(ren)新發(fa)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，隨著聲聲巨(ju)響(xiang)，這場對比試驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果超乎所有人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意料，聚能(neng)水(shui)壓爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)炸效果更(geng)好，而且爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)霧能(neng)將煙塵(chen)覆蓋，起(qi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)降塵(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，這項爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)新方式(shi)(shi)得(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了觀眾(zhong)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認可。