不(bu)成功(gong)的(de)(de)事(shi)例(li)是(shi)(shi)有的(de)(de)，如爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)而不(bu)倒、實施(shi)定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)后沒有按爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)方(fang)案的(de)(de)方(fang)向倒塌(ta)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。這些(xie)事(shi)例(li)警示:從爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設計、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器材質量、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)到起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路連接等(deng)(deng)，只要(yao)有一(yi)個環節出現失(shi)誤，都(dou)將影響爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)效果(guo)，乃至造成嚴重的(de)(de)后果(guo)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業無(wu)論是(shi)(shi)老(lao)舊(jiu)建筑物(wu)(wu)本身(shen)還是(shi)(shi)周圍環境(jing)都(dou)十分(fen)(fen)復(fu)雜，這不(bu)僅要(yao)求(qiu)認真調查爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)體(ti)的(de)(de)結構(包括施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)缺(que)陷)，分(fen)(fen)析受力(li)狀況，同時還要(yao)對采取技術措施(shi)(如預處理、嵌補、支(zhi)撐等(deng)(deng))的(de)(de)可靠和(he)(he)安全性進行分(fen)(fen)析，對可能出現的(de)(de)意外情(qing)況，應(ying)預先制(zhi)定應(ying)急方(fang)案，努力(li)避(bi)免安全事(shi)故和(he)(he)不(bu)必要(yao)的(de)(de)損失(shi)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)環保(bao)(bao)性越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)受到人們的(de)(de)關注，同時，探索無(wu)公害的(de)(de)拆除(chu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術，一(yi)直(zhi)是(shi)(shi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)者(zhe)追求(qiu)的(de)(de)目標。設立(li)掩蔽體(ti)對物(wu)(wu)體(ti)加以保(bao)(bao)護(hu)，簡單的(de)(de)辦(ban)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)用草袋、竹笆一(yi)類材料覆蓋在需要(yao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)上(shang)面;對房屋和(he)(he)機器設備常要(yao)在迎(ying)面和(he)(he)頂部豎立(li)排架，用木板(ban)或(huo)荊笆上(shang)罩鐵絲網(wang)，抵御較(jiao)多的(de)(de)飛石和(he)(he)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)空氣沖(chong)擊(ji)波的(de)(de)打(da)擊(ji);對某些(xie)重要(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)建筑物(wu)(wu)打(da)防震孔(kong)或(huo)者(zhe)用預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)將爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)區(qu)和(he)(he)被保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)建筑物(wu)(wu)或(huo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設施(shi)隔(ge)離開來(lai)。

一(yi)(yi)、查驗生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)資(zi)質(zhi)：1、經(jing)過歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)審(shen)的(de)(de)(de)法人(ren)(ren)營業(ye)執(zhi)照：一(yi)(yi)般(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)下，個體(ti)(ti)工商戶(hu)、個人(ren)(ren)獨資(zi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)注冊資(zi)金(jin)(jin)低(di)于人(ren)(ren)民(min)幣五十萬元的(de)(de)(de)即可(ke)認(ren)定(ding)為家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)作坊式廠(chang)(chang)(chang)家(jia)(jia)。2、具備一(yi)(yi)般(ban)納稅(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)資(zi)格的(de)(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)務登記證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)：企(qi)(qi)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)銷售額達到(dao)或超過一(yi)(yi)定(ding)金(jin)(jin)額（以稅(shui)(shui)務發票開具數額為準）并(bing)經(jing)主管(guan)稅(shui)(shui)務機關核準、具備獨立的(de)(de)(de)開票場所(suo)、專職會計及相應的(de)(de)(de)辦稅(shui)(shui)機具才能(neng)升級(ji)為一(yi)(yi)般(ban)納稅(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)。3、經(jing)過歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)審(shen)的(de)(de)(de)組織機構代(dai)碼證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)：組織機構代(dai)碼證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是中華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)共和國(guo)境(jing)內始終不(bu)變的(de)(de)(de)法定(ding)代(dai)碼標(biao)識(shi)(shi)，未(wei)經(jing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)審(shen)驗的(de)(de)(de)，可(ke)視為非法機構。4、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)強(qiang)制(zhi)性產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書：一(yi)(yi)般(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)下，所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)只要生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)強(qiang)制(zhi)性產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)范圍內產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)必須(xu)通過國(guo)家(jia)(jia)強(qiang)制(zhi)性產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)（CCC）。依(yi)基本常識(shi)(shi)判斷(duan)，既然單位名稱(cheng)為“xxx電(dian)(dian)(dian)線廠(chang)(chang)(chang)”“xxx線纜(lan)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)”，其產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)未(wei)通過或從未(wei)通過國(guo)家(jia)(jia)強(qiang)制(zhi)性產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)其硬件、軟件設施及人(ren)(ren)員配備根本達不(bu)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)個合格的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)家(jia)(jia)應具備的(de)(de)(de)條件。5、國(guo)際(ji)質(zhi)量體(ti)(ti)系認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書：ISO國(guo)際(ji)質(zhi)量體(ti)(ti)系認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是一(yi)(yi)個企(qi)(qi)業(ye)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)素質(zhi)、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量管(guan)理(li)水平(ping)以及服務水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)志。6、開戶(hu)許可(ke)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。

在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，常用(yong)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能使(shi)雷(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)器材有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)、導線和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連接形式，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模(mo)、工程的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力等(deng)(deng)進行選擇，基本連接方式有：串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)、串(chuan)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)和(he)并(bing)串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)等(deng)(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)具有較安全、可靠、準確、高(gao)效(xiao)等(deng)(deng)優點，在(zai)國內外仍占有較大(da)比重(zhong)。在(zai)大(da)、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主要(yao)仍是(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別(bie)是(shi)在(zai)有瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因(yin)此在(zai)有雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，不能使(shi)用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。

我國于1983年制定了《水工建筑物巖行基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，c型聚能管公司在水利水電建設中預裂爆破與光面爆破已成為必須進行的保護邊坡質量的爆破開挖技術措施。此后在此基礎上修訂的《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(SL 47一1994)以及在《水電水利爆破工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂爆破與光面爆破均被編入并有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規定了凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖石邊坡，設計邊坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，專業c型聚能管在(zai)(zai)邊坡(po)部(bu)位(wei)的爆(bao)破(po)設計(ji)和(he)施工(gong)都應(ying)(ying)采用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)或預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)，并闡述了光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)破(po)施工(gong)技術(shu)設計(ji)的原(yuan)則和(he)參數(shu)、安全(quan)措施，而且還明確(que)了路塹邊坡(po)光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)破(po)項目質量驗收檢測(ce)數(shu)量和(he)檢測(ce)方法。無疑該規程(cheng)的實施，有(you)力地推(tui)動和(he)促進了光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)破(po)技術(shu)在(zai)(zai)鐵路建設中的應(ying)(ying)用(yong)與發展。