在工程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)有：電(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)(dao)火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是利用(yong)電(dian)能(neng)使雷(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而(er)(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它所(suo)需的(de)(de)器(qi)材有：電(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)(dao)線和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)源。電(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)形式，要根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工程(cheng)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要性、所(suo)選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力(li)(li)等(deng)進行選擇(ze)，基(ji)本連(lian)接(jie)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式有：串聯(lian)、并聯(lian)、串并聯(lian)和(he)并串聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有較安全、可靠、準確、高(gao)效等(deng)優(you)點，在國(guo)內外(wai)仍占有較大比(bi)重(zhong)。在大、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主要仍是用(yong)電(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在有瓦斯(si)、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)。但電(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)干(gan)擾而(er)(er)發(fa)生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因(yin)此(ci)在有雜(za)散電(dian)、靜電(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)、射頻電(dian)、高(gao)壓(ya)感應電(dian)的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)能(neng)使用(yong)普通電(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。

雙向爆破聚能管公司給大家介紹下爆破聚能管的技術原理∶炸藥爆炸產生的爆轟波通過聚能管的聚能槽，將炸藥的動能、勢能轉換成高壓、高速、高能的射流，切割演示成縫。專用雙向爆破聚能管射流在孔壁產生射流壓(ya)力達(da)7000MPa，巖石動載抗壓(ya)強(qiang)度(du)為(wei)200MPa，抗拉為(wei)1/8～1/10的(de)抗壓(ya)強(qiang)度(du)，相鄰兩(liang)(liang)炮(pao)孔互為(wei)鄰空面(mian)，疊加后的(de)壓(ya)縮波(bo)(bo)變為(wei)稀疏波(bo)(bo)，在兩(liang)(liang)炮(pao)眼連線(xian)上使(shi)巖石結構斷裂(lie)，形(xing)成裂(lie)紋。準靜態氣體膨脹，靜態壓(ya)力在兩(liang)(liang)炮(pao)孔最短連線(xian)兩(liang)(liang)側產生拉力使(shi)巖石裂(lie)縫進一(yi)步(bu)擴展。根據爆破應力集中氣刃作用原(yuan)則，爆破氣體沿(yan)裂(lie)縫進一(yi)步(bu)擴大貫通，拋落巖石。

水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術基礎上發展起來的一項(xiang)新技術，其掏槽眼、輔(fu)助眼裝藥(yao)結構(gou)和(he)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)方式與水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)相同(tong)，但在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼中安裝專用(yong)(yong)(yong)線(xian)性聚能(neng)藥(yao)管(guan)替代常(chang)規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)藥(yao)卷和(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)線(xian)性聚能(neng)藥(yao)管(guan)產生(sheng)的粒(li)子(zi)射流動能(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)氣(qi)體應力(li)及“氣(qi)楔”作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，形成平(ping)整圓順的開挖輪廓(kuo)面(mian)，對控制超欠挖具有(you)良好(hao)效果(guo)，有(you)效提升了隧道施工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)、進度和(he)經濟效益。水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)較(jiao)水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼單(dan)循環(huan)火(huo)工(gong)(gong)品使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)上節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊眼鉆孔數量(liang)從39個下(xia)降為(wei)23個費用(yong)(yong)(yong)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)41%，混(hun)凝土噴射每(mei)延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。聚能(neng)水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)比水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)每(mei)循環(huan)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)258.4元，即(ji)每(mei)延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)76較(jiao)元，節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)比例(li)達32%。此外，聚能(neng)水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)能(neng)有(you)效降低隧道內石渣塊度和(he)粉塵含量(liang)，還可使(shi)通(tong)風時間(jian)有(you)效縮短33%。

水(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)破(po)是(shi)在炮(pao)(pao)孔兩(liang)(liang)端填充水(shui)袋(dai)，中間裝上(shang)乳(ru)化炸，炮(pao)(pao)孔再用炮(pao)(pao)泥(ni)封死(si)，炮(pao)(pao)孔間距很大，兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)炮(pao)(pao)空之間相距了(le)一米左右，是(shi)常規爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)炮(pao)(pao)孔間距的(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)倍，這(zhe)樣可(ke)以節(jie)(jie)(jie)省炮(pao)(pao)孔材料，這(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)凹槽(cao)(cao)又稱為(wei)聚能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)，聚能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)非(fei)常重要，放置的(de)(de)位(wei)置和方向都十(shi)分講究(jiu)，一點也不(bu)能(neng)(neng)出(chu)錯，在爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)瞬間，高溫(wen)高壓(ya)聚能(neng)(neng)射流立即(ji)往凹槽(cao)(cao)兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)的(de)(de)巖石(shi)進行(xing)切(qie)割(ge)，巖石(shi)如同(tong)豆(dou)腐一樣輕松(song)被切(qie)割(ge)切(qie)割(ge)出(chu)來的(de)(de)輪廓線十(shi)分平順，效果極(ji)好，聚能(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)破(po)中的(de)(de)水(shui)袋(dai)沒有降(jiang)低(di)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)效果，反而能(neng)(neng)保護(hu)隧道(dao)周邊(bian)植被，減(jian)少(shao)地質(zhi)擾動，降(jiang)低(di)煙塵，重要的(de)(de)是(shi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)省炸成(cheng)(cheng)本，在未來這(zhe)項技術會廣(guang)泛應用于(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)中，降(jiang)低(di)施工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)本。爆(bao)破(po)聚能(neng)(neng)管水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)較水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)，在周邊(bian)眼單循環火工(gong)品(pin)使用量(liang)上(shang)節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)費(fei)用8.3%，周邊(bian)眼鉆(zhan)孔數量(liang)從39個(ge)下降(jiang)為(wei)23個(ge)費(fei)用節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)41%，混凝(ning)土噴射每延(yan)米節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)1.37立方米。

施工(gong)因其復雜性、專業(ye)(ye)性、危險性，稍有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)慎，將對人民的(de)(de)生(sheng)命財(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)造(zao)成不(bu)(bu)(bu)可估量的(de)(de)損失，例如廣東宏大寧夏(xia)“10.16”、山東保利“5.20”等重(zhong)大安(an)全(quan)(quan)事故。因此，相較其他行業(ye)(ye)，國家出臺的(de)(de)相關法律(lv)法規多、專、嚴(yan)，從(cong)(cong)爆(bao)破材(cai)料（炸藥(yao)、雷管、導爆(bao)索?管?及相關材(cai)料）的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、購(gou)進(jin)、運輸、儲存、發放、布網、連接、起爆(bao)、排(pai)爆(bao)等一系列(lie)程序均有(you)嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)法律(lv)規定和(he)科(ke)(ke)學的(de)(de)操作規程，并且(qie)相關從(cong)(cong)業(ye)(ye)單位和(he)人員均應取得相應資質(zhi)。做為各類爆(bao)破中不(bu)(bu)(bu)可或(huo)缺的(de)(de)一種導線(xian)(xian)(xian)，特別不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)于一般的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，其質(zhi)量要(yao)求及各項技術(shu)參數(shu)(shu)也與普通電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)。部(bu)分家庭作坊(fang)式的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)廠無(wu)科(ke)(ke)學的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工(gong)藝、無(wu)基(ji)本的(de)(de)檢測(ce)設(she)備、無(wu)專業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)技術(shu)人員，甚至(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知道(dao)爆(bao)破線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量要(yao)求和(he)技術(shu)參數(shu)(shu)，更不(bu)(bu)(bu)可能制訂自己的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)標準(zhun)，僅(jin)憑(ping)簡陋的(de)(de)設(she)備、以粗糙的(de)(de)模仿進(jin)行生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營活(huo)動(dong)，致使市場充斥著假冒(mao)偽劣(lie)產(chan)(chan)品，導致爆(bao)破中提(ti)前或(huo)延遲起爆(bao)、盲炮(pao)增加且(qie)強制排(pai)爆(bao)困難(nan)，給(gei)人身(shen)安(an)全(quan)(quan)和(he)財(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)以及正(zheng)常的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營活(huo)動(dong)造(zao)成了(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可估量的(de)(de)損失。

我(wo)國于(yu)1983年制定(ding)了(le)(le)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)(yan)行(xing)基礎開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此(ci)，在水(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)電建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)預(yu)裂(lie)爆破(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)(po)已成為必須(xu)進行(xing)的(de)保護邊(bian)坡質量(liang)的(de)爆破(po)(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)。此(ci)后在此(ci)基礎上(shang)修訂的(de)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)基礎開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規范》(SL 47一1994)以(yi)及(ji)在《水(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)利(li)爆破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)基礎開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)裂(lie)爆破(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)(po)均被編入并有所改(gai)進，DL／T 5135—2001正(zheng)在修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道(dao)部(bu)也不僅規定(ding)了(le)(le)凡(fan)是(shi)Ⅲ級以(yi)上(shang)的(de)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)邊(bian)坡，設(she)(she)計(ji)邊(bian)坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)坡部(bu)位的(de)爆破(po)(po)設(she)(she)計(ji)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采用(yong)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)(po)或預(yu)裂(lie)爆破(po)(po)，并闡述了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆破(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)原則和參(can)數、安(an)全(quan)措施(shi)，而且(qie)還明確(que)了(le)(le)路塹邊(bian)坡光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆破(po)(po)項(xiang)目質量(liang)驗收檢測(ce)數量(liang)和檢測(ce)方法(fa)。無疑該規程(cheng)的(de)實施(shi)，有力地(di)推動和促(cu)進了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)在鐵路建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)的(de)應用(yong)與發展。