施工因其(qi)(qi)復雜性、專(zhuan)業(ye)性、危險性,稍有(you)不(bu)(bu)慎,將(jiang)對人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命財(cai)產(chan)安(an)全造(zao)成不(bu)(bu)可估(gu)(gu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失,例(li)如廣東宏大(da)寧夏(xia)“10.16”、山東保(bao)利“5.20”等重大(da)安(an)全事故。因此,相(xiang)(xiang)較其(qi)(qi)他行(xing)業(ye),國(guo)家出臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)規(gui)多、專(zhuan)、嚴,從爆(bao)(bao)破材(cai)料(炸藥、雷管、導爆(bao)(bao)索?管?及(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)材(cai)料)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、購進(jin)、運輸、儲(chu)存、發(fa)放、布網、連接(jie)、起爆(bao)(bao)、排爆(bao)(bao)等一(yi)系列程序均有(you)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)規(gui)定和科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作規(gui)程,并且(qie)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)從業(ye)單(dan)位和人(ren)員均應取得(de)相(xiang)(xiang)應資質。做為各類爆(bao)(bao)破中不(bu)(bu)可或缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種導線(xian)(xian),特別不(bu)(bu)同于(yu)一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)電線(xian)(xian)電纜,其(qi)(qi)質量(liang)要(yao)求及(ji)(ji)各項技(ji)術(shu)參(can)(can)數也(ye)與普通電線(xian)(xian)電纜不(bu)(bu)同。部(bu)分(fen)家庭作坊式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電線(xian)(xian)電纜廠無(wu)科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)工藝(yi)、無(wu)基本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測設備、無(wu)專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員,甚至不(bu)(bu)知道爆(bao)(bao)破線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)要(yao)求和技(ji)術(shu)參(can)(can)數,更(geng)不(bu)(bu)可能制(zhi)訂自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)標準,僅憑簡陋的(de)(de)(de)(de)設備、以粗糙的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)仿進(jin)行(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)活動,致(zhi)使(shi)市(shi)場充斥著假冒偽劣產(chan)品(pin),導致(zhi)爆(bao)(bao)破中提前或延遲(chi)起爆(bao)(bao)、盲(mang)炮(pao)增加且(qie)強制(zhi)排爆(bao)(bao)困難,給人(ren)身安(an)全和財(cai)產(chan)以及(ji)(ji)正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)活動造(zao)成了不(bu)(bu)可估(gu)(gu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。
水(shui)壓光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技術(shu),是(shi)在水(shui)壓光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技術(shu)基礎上(shang)發展起(qi)來的一項新技術(shu),其掏槽眼(yan)、輔(fu)助眼(yan)裝藥結構和爆(bao)破(po)方式與水(shui)壓光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)相同(tong),但在周(zhou)邊眼(yan)中(zhong)安裝專用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管裝置替代(dai)常規爆(bao)破(po)藥卷和傳爆(bao)線,利(li)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管產生的粒(li)子(zi)射流動能(neng)(neng)、高壓爆(bao)破(po)氣體應力及(ji)“氣楔”作用(yong),形成平整(zheng)圓順(shun)的開挖(wa)輪廓面(mian),對(dui)控制(zhi)超欠(qian)挖(wa)具有良好效(xiao)(xiao)果,有效(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)了(le)隧道施(shi)工質量、進(jin)度和經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益。科學(xue)合理地(di)利(li)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)源,提(ti)高能(neng)(neng)源利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率,對(dui)節能(neng)(neng)減排也十分重(zhong)要。利(li)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管兩端的水(shui)平開出(chu)的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽產生的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)(xiao)應對(dui)巖石進(jin)行破(po)碎。據專家測算,由于聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管兩端聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽產生的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)(xiao)應,其能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)比(bi)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)一個量級。
在鐵路(lu)(lu)、礦(kuang)山、水庫(ku)等大型工(gong)(gong)(gong)程中,爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)很(hen)關鍵(jian)很(hen)重(zhong)要(yao)。采礦(kuang)修路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)山挖隧道,城(cheng)(cheng)市對舊建(jian)筑物的(de)(de)(de)(de)拆除,都會用(yong)(yong)到(dao)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術。隨著經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)增多(duo),爆(bao)破(po)引起了(le)人們更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關注。爆(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)作(zuo)為一(yi)種科(ke)學技(ji)術,應用(yong)(yong)很(hen)廣,但(dan)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程上的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)無疑是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)要(yao)、常見的(de)(de)(de)(de),采礦(kuang)開(kai)山,修鐵路(lu)(lu)、公路(lu)(lu)用(yong)(yong)鉆(zhan)爆(bao)法(fa)來(lai)開(kai)掘隧道,水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程上也用(yong)(yong)一(yi)些(xie),城(cheng)(cheng)市里(li)面也使用(yong)(yong)了(le),拆除樓房。利(li)用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)(zha)爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)大能(neng)量破(po)壞某種物體的(de)(de)(de)(de)原結構(gou),這(zhe)種"破(po)壞"效果(guo)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)其他方法(fa)能(neng)代替的(de)(de)(de)(de),它雖然不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)獨(du)立完成一(yi)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程,但(dan)卻是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序,特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)石方開(kai)挖、礦(kuang)山開(kai)采等工(gong)(gong)(gong)程缺少了(le)這(zhe)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)序還不(bu)(bu)行。中國(guo)目前(qian)有發達(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵路(lu)(lu)和公路(lu)(lu)交(jiao)通網,可(ke)以(yi)想(xiang)象,當初在修這(zhe)些(xie)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候會遇到(dao)許多(duo)高(gao)山峻(jun)嶺,一(yi)座大山橫在兩地之間,想(xiang)要(yao)修路(lu)(lu),就必須讓這(zhe)座山消失(shi),這(zhe)個時(shi)候聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)爆(bao)破(po)就起到(dao)決(jue)定性(xing)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)了(le)。
我國于1983年制定了(le)(le)(le)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖(yan)行基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此(ci),在水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與(yu)(yu)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已成(cheng)為(wei)必須進(jin)行的(de)(de)保護邊坡(po)(po)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)術(shu)(shu)措施(shi)(shi)。此(ci)后在此(ci)基礎(chu)上修(xiu)訂(ding)的(de)(de)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖(yan)石基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及在《水(shui)電水(shui)利(li)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)》(DL/T 5135—2001)和(he)(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖(yan)石基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)》(DL/T 5389~2007)中(zhong)預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與(yu)(yu)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均被編入(ru)并(bing)(bing)有(you)所改進(jin),DL/T 5135—2001正在修(xiu)編為(wei)DL/T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅(jin)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定了(le)(le)(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上的(de)(de)巖(yan)石邊坡(po)(po),設(she)計(ji)邊坡(po)(po)坡(po)(po)度為(wei)1:0.1~1:0.75,在邊坡(po)(po)部位的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po),并(bing)(bing)闡述了(le)(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)原則(ze)和(he)(he)參數(shu)、安全措施(shi)(shi),而且還明(ming)確了(le)(le)(le)路塹邊坡(po)(po)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項目質(zhi)量驗收檢測數(shu)量和(he)(he)檢測方法。無疑該規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi),有(you)力地(di)推動(dong)和(he)(he)促(cu)進(jin)了(le)(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)在鐵路建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應用(yong)與(yu)(yu)發展。
無錫深孔爆破聚能管是由管體、前錐形定格帽、后定格堵構成,管體為塑性材料制成,呈管狀,管體外徑小于正常炮眼內徑,長度可隨爆破需要生產,管體兩端各有外螺紋,兩端外螺紋間有一縱向切縫,切縫間等距有加強筋,前錐形定格帽呈傘狀,傘形尖有一光孔,兩側直壁內徑有螺紋,與管體外徑前端螺紋配合,帽體外徑大于管體,后定格堵為一封蓋,外徑直徑大于管體外徑,與前錐形定格帽外徑一致,后定格堵內徑有螺紋,與管體外徑后端螺紋配合。專用深孔爆破聚能管可根據炮(pao)眼深度采用合(he)適的聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體,不需其他工具幫助送入炮(pao)眼,切縫方向準確,兩端的前錐形(xing)定格(ge)帽和后定格(ge)堵外徑與炮(pao)眼內徑一致,保(bao)證聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體同心(xin),定向準確。且利于工業(ye)化生產,作業(ye)安全