不(bu)成(cheng)功的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)例是(shi)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)而不(bu)倒、實施(shi)定向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)后沒有按(an)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)倒塌等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。這(zhe)(zhe)些事(shi)例警示:從爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)計、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)器(qi)材質量(liang)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)到起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路連接等(deng)(deng)，只要(yao)有一(yi)個環節出(chu)現失誤(wu)，都(dou)將影(ying)響爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果，乃至造(zao)成(cheng)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后果。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作業(ye)無(wu)論是(shi)老舊建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)本身還(huan)是(shi)周(zhou)圍環境(jing)都(dou)十分復雜，這(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)僅(jin)要(yao)求認真調查爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(包(bao)括施(shi)工(gong)缺陷)，分析受力狀況，同時還(huan)要(yao)對(dui)采(cai)取技(ji)術措施(shi)(如預處(chu)理、嵌補、支撐等(deng)(deng))的(de)(de)(de)(de)可靠和(he)(he)(he)安(an)全性進行分析，對(dui)可能出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)外(wai)情況，應預先制定應急方案(an)，努力避免(mian)安(an)全事(shi)故和(he)(he)(he)不(bu)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環保性越來(lai)越受到人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)關注，同時，探(tan)索無(wu)公害的(de)(de)(de)(de)拆除爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術，一(yi)直是(shi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)作者追(zhui)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標。設(she)立掩蔽(bi)體(ti)對(dui)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)加以(yi)保護(hu)(hu)，簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)草袋、竹笆(ba)一(yi)類材料覆蓋在需要(yao)保護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)上面;對(dui)房屋和(he)(he)(he)機器(qi)設(she)備常要(yao)在迎面和(he)(he)(he)頂(ding)部豎(shu)立排架，用(yong)(yong)木板(ban)或(huo)荊笆(ba)上罩鐵絲網，抵御(yu)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)飛石和(he)(he)(he)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣沖擊波的(de)(de)(de)(de)打擊;對(dui)某(mou)些重(zhong)要(yao)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)打防震孔或(huo)者用(yong)(yong)預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)將爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)區和(he)(he)(he)被保護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)或(huo)工(gong)程(cheng)設(she)施(shi)隔離(li)開來(lai)。

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)隧(sui)道(dao)掘進(jin)(jin)作(zuo)業中的(de)(de)(de)實際應用。提升光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破水(shui)(shui)平、嚴抓隧(sui)道(dao)超(chao)挖管(guan)控進(jin)(jin)行了介紹(shao)。聚能水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)技(ji)術(shu)很(hen)成熟、可操作(zuo)性(xing)很(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)低、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)速(su)度(du)很(hen)快、節能環保(bao)效果很(hen)顯著、經濟(ji)效益(yi)社(she)會效益(yi)很(hen)高(gao)。一(yi)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)提高(gao)對(dui)推廣該(gai)項技(ji)術(shu)重要(yao)(yao)性(xing)和必然性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)認識(shi);二是(shi)要(yao)(yao)樹立必須采取聚能水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破的(de)(de)(de)意識(shi);三是(shi)要(yao)(yao)堅持培訓、示范、監督(du)“三位一(yi)體”;四是(shi)要(yao)(yao)制定(ding)切實的(de)(de)(de)獎懲制度(du);五是(shi)要(yao)(yao)建立檢查監督(du)機制，持續促進(jin)(jin)該(gai)項技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)入推廣。在(zai)隧(sui)道(dao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)現場(chang)管(guan)理、科技(ji)創新、人才培養、經濟(ji)效益(yi)等方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)不足。建議對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)線基礎技(ji)術(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)扎實推進(jin)(jin);對(dui)新工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、先進(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)法要(yao)(yao)深(shen)入學習鉆研;對(dui)消極(ji)懈怠、故步(bu)自封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)思想要(yao)(yao)堅決(jue)抵(di)制。

各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材銷毀以及(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)源與人員和其他(ta)保護(hu)對(dui)象之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)稱(cheng)為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)應(ying)(ying)(ying)取各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)效應(ying)(ying)(ying)（地(di)震、沖(chong)擊波、飛(fei)石、有毒氣體(ti)等(deng)）分別核定(ding)(ding)的大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時，必(bi)(bi)然產生(sheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)震、空氣沖(chong)擊波、碎石飛(fei)散(san)及(ji)(ji)有害(hai)氣體(ti)，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設計(ji)時必(bi)(bi)須(xu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)危(wei)害(hai)范圍(wei)，并確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附近人員、設備、建筑物及(ji)(ji)井(jing)巷等(deng)的安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，這一段(duan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)就稱(cheng)為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)。如何控制好這段(duan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)就顯(xian)的尤為重要。為保證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)點(dian)與人員或其他(ta)應(ying)(ying)(ying)保護(hu)對(dui)象之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)保持(chi)短的相隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)效應(ying)(ying)(ying)隨距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)的增加(jia)有規律地(di)衰減，用距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)作為安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)尺度可(ke)限定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)效應(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)允許限度之(zhi)(zhi)內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)規程》規定(ding)(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)震安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)，個別飛(fei)散(san)物安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)，以及(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖(chong)擊波的安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)。

的(de)(de)軍(jun)事(shi)應用(yong)(yong)：聚能(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，早在(zai)二次(ci)世(shi)界(jie)大戰期間就(jiu)在(zai)軍(jun)事(shi)方(fang)面廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)。國(guo)內(nei)在(zai)聚能(neng)(neng)破(po)(po)甲技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)如(ru)大錐角(jiao)反(fan)艦導彈(dan)戰斗部(bu)和大錐角(jiao)反(fan)坦克地雷(lei)以(yi)及敏感彈(dan)戰斗部(bu)等方(fang)面取得了(le)較為(wei)快速的(de)(de)發(fa)展，我國(guo)20世(shi)紀60年代打破(po)(po)國(guo)外技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)封鎖獨(du)立自主研發(fa)成功原子彈(dan)就(jiu)是(shi)得力于(yu)聚能(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)轟擊核裝置(zhi)而引爆(bao)(bao)原子彈(dan)。的(de)(de)民爆(bao)(bao)應用(yong)(yong)——切槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)：聚能(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)工程建設(she)也是(shi)20世(shi)紀60年代開(kai)始的(de)(de)，首(shou)先(xian)是(shi)瑞典(dian)的(de)(de)U﹒Langefors提出孔壁切槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)利(li)用(yong)(yong)槽(cao)口應力集(ji)中(zhong)定(ding)向(xiang)開(kai)裂的(de)(de)設(she)想，后經W﹒L﹒Fourney驗(yan)證是(shi)有效的(de)(de)。70年代國(guo)外廣(guang)泛研究(jiu)和應用(yong)(yong)了(le)切槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。

專業礦用型聚能管施工工藝嚴格遵循六字方針(掛滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要保證炮眼打眼質量,炮眼必須按技術要求合理布置。(2)要保證掏槽眼以及其他眼眼的打眼質量,一定要在規定位置上打眼;二泰安礦用型聚能管要(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)炮眼深(shen)度和角度。(3)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)藥時,要(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)乳化炸(zha)(zha)藥在(zai)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)空內(nei)壁(bi)中(zhong)填充(chong)飽滿不得有(you)空隙出(chu)現時以產(chan)生拒爆。(4)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)炮眼中(zhong)裝(zhuang)填時,要(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的兩條(tiao)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽指向(xiang)巷道輪(lun)廓(kuo)(kuo)線(xian)(xian)方(fang)向(xiang)并(bing)且各個炮眼聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)方(fang)面(mian)要(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)相互(hu)連接(jie)在(zai)隧道輪(lun)廓(kuo)(kuo)線(xian)(xian)上。否則成(cheng)型效果不僅(jin)不好(hao),反(fan)而更差(cha)。(5)保證(zheng)(zheng)炮眼堵(du)塞質(zhi)量。(6)放炮員應(ying)提前按(an)規定裝(zhuang)好(hao)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的炸(zha)(zha)藥,并(bing)做好(hao)準備(bei)工作。試用范圍:一級(ji)至五(wu)級(ji)圍巖的光面(mian)爆破工程。