水壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)較水壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，在(zai)周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)(yan)單循環火工品使用(yong)(yong)量(liang)上節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)(yan)鉆孔數量(liang)從39個下降為(wei)23個費用(yong)(yong)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土噴射(she)每延米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。水壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)比水壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)每循環節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)258.4元，即(ji)每延米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)76較元，節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)比例達32%。此外(wai)，聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)水壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)有效降低隧道(dao)內石渣(zha)塊度和粉(fen)塵含量(liang)，還可(ke)使通風(feng)時間有效縮(suo)短(duan)33%。聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)工藝技(ji)術很(hen)成熟、可(ke)操(cao)作性(xing)很(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)低、施工速度很(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環保(bao)效果(guo)很(hen)顯(xian)著(zhu)、經濟(ji)效益社會效益很(hen)高。聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術是近幾(ji)年發展(zhan)起來的一項掘進(jin)新技(ji)術,這種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術與傳(chuan)統的光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術有一定的差別,聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)原理是在(zai)巷道(dao)周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)(yan)中,將炸裝在(zai)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)時利用(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的聚能(neng)(neng)作用(yong)(yong),以減少裂隙(xi)的數量(liang)和控制優勢裂隙(xi)的發展(zhan)方向。

在工程爆破中，深孔爆破聚能管公司常用的起爆方法有：電力起爆法、導火索起爆法、導爆索起爆法、導爆管起爆法。電力起爆法是利用電能使雷管爆炸，進而起爆炸藥的起爆芳法。它所需的器材有：電雷管、導線和起爆電源。電爆網路的連接形式，要根據爆破方法、爆破規模、工程的重要性、所選起爆電源及其起爆能力等進行選擇，徐州深孔爆破聚能管基本連接(jie)方式(shi)有(you)(you)：串(chuan)聯、并(bing)聯、串(chuan)并(bing)聯和并(bing)串(chuan)聯等。電(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)(you)較安(an)全、可靠、準確、高(gao)效等優點，在國內(nei)外仍(reng)占有(you)(you)較大(da)比重。在大(da)、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，主要仍(reng)是(shi)用(yong)電(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要的(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)。但電(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)信號的(de)干擾而發(fa)生(sheng)早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有(you)(you)雜(za)散(san)電(dian)、靜電(dian)、雷電(dian)、射(she)頻(pin)電(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)的(de)環境中(zhong)，不能(neng)使用(yong)普(pu)通電(dian)雷管。

預(yu)(yu)裂與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術的(de)歷史與現(xian)狀：預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)是沿設計開(kai)挖邊界(jie)布置密集炮孔，采(cai)取(qu)不(bu)耦合(he)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)或(huo)裝(zhuang)填(tian)低威(wei)力炸藥(yao)，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區之(zhi)前起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區與保留區之(zhi)間形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)預(yu)(yu)裂縫，以(yi)減(jian)弱(ruo)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)對保留巖體的(de)破(po)(po)(po)(po)壞并形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)輪(lun)廓面(mian)(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)作業。光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)是沿設計開(kai)挖邊界(jie)布設密集炮孔，采(cai)用不(bu)耦合(he)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)或(huo)裝(zhuang)填(tian)低威(wei)力炸藥(yao)，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)之(zhi)后起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)以(yi)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)的(de)開(kai)挖輪(lun)廓面(mian)(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)作業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術的(de)發展(zhan)是先出現(xian)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，然(ran)后衍生發展(zhan)為預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)。聚能(neng)管國內歷史與現(xian)狀，我國于1964～1965年(nian)在(zai)湖北陸(lu)水水電站施工中(zhong)做過淺孔預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)試驗，1965年(nian)鐵(tie)(tie)道部門在(zai)成(cheng)昆鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)建設中(zhong)開(kai)始試驗光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，1977年(nian)在(zai)西延(yan)線張家船(chuan)工點，全(quan)長近(jin)200m的(de)2000m2路(lu)(lu)(lu)塹(qian)邊坡全(quan)部采(cai)用光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)后邊坡平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)穩定，殘留的(de)半孔清晰可(ke)見，是鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)建設中(zhong)采(cai)用路(lu)(lu)(lu)塹(qian)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)。

是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)、前錐形(xing)定(ding)格帽(mao)、后(hou)定(ding)格堵構成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)為(wei)(wei)塑性(xing)材(cai)料制成(cheng)，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)小于(yu)正常炮眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)，長度可隨爆破(po)需要生(sheng)產，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)兩端各有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，兩端外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)間(jian)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)縱向(xiang)切縫，切縫間(jian)等距有(you)(you)加強筋，前錐形(xing)定(ding)格帽(mao)呈傘(san)狀，傘(san)形(xing)尖有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)光(guang)孔，兩側直(zhi)(zhi)壁內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)前端螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)配(pei)合(he)，帽(mao)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)，后(hou)定(ding)格堵為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)封蓋，外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)，與前錐形(xing)定(ding)格帽(mao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致，后(hou)定(ding)格堵內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)后(hou)端螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)配(pei)合(he)。可根據炮眼(yan)深度采用合(he)適的聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)，不需其他工(gong)具幫助送入炮眼(yan)，切縫方向(xiang)準確，兩端的前錐形(xing)定(ding)格帽(mao)和后(hou)定(ding)格堵外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)與炮眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致，保(bao)證(zheng)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)同心，定(ding)向(xiang)準確。且利于(yu)工(gong)業化生(sheng)產，作業安全

發(fa)揮巨(ju)大效力的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵又(you)在其上(shang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)“聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽”上(shang)。項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)部目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)有(you)兩(liang)(liang)個“聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽”，通過(guo)這兩(liang)(liang)個聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用讓爆炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)威力在隧道中切割出十分平順的(de)(de)(de)(de)輪廓(kuo)線，的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制了(le)(le)爆破(po)(po)量，有(you)效管(guan)控(kong)(kong)了(le)(le)超(chao)挖(wa)欠挖(wa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。為了(le)(le)進(jin)一步(bu)嚴格控(kong)(kong)制開挖(wa)輪廓(kuo)，達到(dao)提(ti)高光面爆破(po)(po)效果的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，并研究出了(le)(le)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)上(shang)兩(liang)(liang)個“聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽”變(bian)為三個“聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽”的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)明(ming)設(she)(she)計，目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前，該發(fa)明(ming)設(she)(she)計已經(jing)進(jin)入(ru)到(dao)了(le)(le)試生產階段(duan)。未來，三“聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽”設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術將推動(dong)中鐵十四(si)局四(si)公司張吉(ji)懷鐵路(lu)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)部施工(gong)開展邁(mai)上(shang)一個新的(de)(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)階，給項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)部帶來巨(ju)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效益。工(gong)程爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術經(jing)過(guo)幾十年的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，已經(jing)滲(shen)透到(dao)經(jing)濟(ji)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)眾多領域，特(te)別為中國的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵路(lu)建設(she)(she)、礦(kuang)山開采、城市(shi)拆舊定向爆破(po)(po)等做出了(le)(le)重要貢獻。

水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技術，是在(zai)水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技術基礎(chu)上發(fa)展(zhan)起來的(de)一項新技術，其掏槽眼、輔助眼裝(zhuang)藥結構和(he)(he)爆(bao)破(po)方式與水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)相同，但在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼中(zhong)安(an)裝(zhuang)專用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝(zhuang)置替代(dai)常規爆(bao)破(po)藥卷和(he)(he)傳(chuan)爆(bao)線，利(li)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)粒子射流(liu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)、高(gao)壓(ya)爆(bao)破(po)氣體應力及(ji)“氣楔”作用(yong)，形(xing)成(cheng)平整圓順的(de)開挖(wa)(wa)輪廓面(mian)(mian)，對(dui)控制超欠(qian)挖(wa)(wa)具有(you)良(liang)好(hao)效(xiao)(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提升了隧(sui)道施(shi)工質量、進(jin)度和(he)(he)經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益。科(ke)學合理地(di)利(li)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，提高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率，對(dui)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減(jian)排(pai)也十(shi)分重要。利(li)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩(liang)端(duan)的(de)水(shui)平開出的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)射流(liu)效(xiao)(xiao)應對(dui)巖(yan)石進(jin)行破(po)碎。據專家測算，由于(yu)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩(liang)端(duan)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)切割(ge)效(xiao)(xiao)應，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)比提升一個量級。