聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包由(you)炸(zha)(zha)、形(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔(ge)板(ban)、殼(ke)體、引信和(he)支架等部(bu)分組成，其(qi)作用(yong)(yong)及對(dui)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包威(wei)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響分述如下。1．炸(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)是(shi)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)壓(ya)(ya)越大(da)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)彈(dan)威(wei)力越大(da)；為(wei)得到高爆(bao)壓(ya)(ya)，需(xu)高爆(bao)速、高密度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)。常用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)(zha)有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)等，裝(zhuang)方法(fa)有(you)熔(rong)鑄，塑裝(zhuang)和(he)壓(ya)(ya)裝(zhuang)多種。2．型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)把炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化成罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)射(she)流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而(er)提高其(qi)穿透和(he)切割能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)必須滿足四點要求，即可壓(ya)(ya)縮性小、密度(du)高、塑性和(he)延(yan)展(zhan)性好，在形(xing)成射(she)流中(zhong)(zhong)不汽化。大(da)量(liang)試驗(yan)證明，用(yong)(yong)紫銅制作型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果(guo)好，其(qi)次為(wei)鑄鐵、鋼和(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)狀多種多樣，主(zhu)要有(you)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)、拋物(wu)線(xian)形(xing)和(he)喇叭形(xing)等；面(mian)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)用(yong)(yong)于切割屬(shu)板(ban)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直線(xian)形(xing)和(he)用(yong)(yong)于切割管材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩(liang)種；中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，這(zhe)種球(qiu)形(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)有(you)球(qiu)形(xing)空腔(qiang)(qiang)和(he)球(qiu)形(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外敷(fu)設炸(zha)(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在瞬間同時起爆(bao)，可在空腔(qiang)(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)點獲得極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)。在工程中(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)和(he)面(mian)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)兩(liang)類型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。

各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)銷毀以(yi)及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)源與人(ren)員和(he)其他(ta)(ta)保護對象(xiang)之間的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)應(ying)取各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)效應(ying)（地(di)震、沖(chong)擊(ji)波(bo)(bo)、飛(fei)(fei)石、有(you)毒氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)等）分別(bie)核定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時，必然產生(sheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)震、空氣(qi)沖(chong)擊(ji)波(bo)(bo)、碎石飛(fei)(fei)散(san)及有(you)害氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計時必須確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)危(wei)害范圍，并確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附近(jin)人(ren)員、設(she)備、建筑(zhu)物(wu)及井巷等的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)，這一(yi)段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)就稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。如(ru)何控制好這段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)就顯(xian)的(de)(de)尤為(wei)重要。為(wei)保證(zheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)點(dian)與人(ren)員或其他(ta)(ta)應(ying)保護對象(xiang)之間必須保持(chi)短的(de)(de)相隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效應(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)增加有(you)規(gui)律地(di)衰減，用距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)為(wei)安(an)(an)全(quan)尺度可限(xian)定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效應(ying)在允許限(xian)度之內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)程》規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)震安(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，個別(bie)飛(fei)(fei)散(san)物(wu)安(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，以(yi)及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖(chong)擊(ji)波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。

1、先試(shi)探性的(de)咨詢(xun)制造(zao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)人(ren)員：您(nin)(nin)(nin)要訂爆破(po)線(xian)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)型號(hao)中字(zi)母表示意思；規(gui)格(ge)中的(de)數字(zi)表示意思；執行(xing)標準(zhun)中的(de)字(zi)母及數字(zi)的(de)表示意思。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)制造(zao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)人(ren)員回答(da)時支支吾吾、一(yi)知半解甚至一(yi)無所知，可想而知，其(qi)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質量如(ru)(ru)何(he)。2、任(ren)何(he)一(yi)種產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)都(dou)有其(qi)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)和一(yi)定的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)環境(jing)。咨詢(xun)您(nin)(nin)(nin)要訂爆破(po)線(xian)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)性能、具體使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)辦法、使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)環境(jing)要求。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)制造(zao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)人(ren)員給您(nin)(nin)(nin)的(de)答(da)復(fu)與您(nin)(nin)(nin)的(de)要求不(bu)一(yi)致，應判(pan)定為：爆破(po)線(xian)制造(zao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)型號(hao)規(gui)格(ge)單一(yi)或者其(qi)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)只是對其(qi)他廠商(shang)(shang)(shang)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)簡單模(mo)仿。3、正規(gui)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)都(dou)有其(qi)科學的(de)生產(chan)(chan)工藝和流程(cheng)(cheng)。原(yuan)材料合格(ge)供(gong)應商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)選擇評定→原(yuan)材料購進、運輸、儲存、保管→生產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)質量控(kong)制→不(bu)合格(ge)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)處置及糾正措施→運輸交付→售(shou)后服務均有嚴格(ge)的(de)操作規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)。咨詢(xun)爆破(po)線(xian)制造(zao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)人(ren)員任(ren)何(he)一(yi)個節點，就可知其(qi)是否有能力(li)（生產(chan)(chan)管理水平(ping)、專業設(she)備及過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)檢測設(she)備）生產(chan)(chan)出合格(ge)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。

的(de)(de)軍事(shi)應(ying)用(yong)：聚能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術，早(zao)在二(er)次世(shi)(shi)界大(da)戰(zhan)期間就在軍事(shi)方(fang)(fang)面廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)。國(guo)(guo)內在聚能(neng)破(po)(po)甲技術如大(da)錐(zhui)角反(fan)艦導(dao)彈(dan)(dan)戰(zhan)斗部和大(da)錐(zhui)角反(fan)坦(tan)克地雷以及(ji)敏感彈(dan)(dan)戰(zhan)斗部等方(fang)(fang)面取得了較為快速(su)的(de)(de)發展，我國(guo)(guo)20世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)60年(nian)代(dai)打(da)破(po)(po)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)技術封鎖獨立(li)自(zi)主研(yan)發成(cheng)功原子(zi)彈(dan)(dan)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)得力于(yu)聚能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術轟(hong)擊核裝置(zhi)而引爆(bao)(bao)原子(zi)彈(dan)(dan)。的(de)(de)民爆(bao)(bao)應(ying)用(yong)——切(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術：聚能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)用(yong)于(yu)工(gong)程建設(she)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)20世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)60年(nian)代(dai)開始的(de)(de)，首先是(shi)(shi)(shi)瑞典的(de)(de)U﹒Langefors提出孔(kong)壁(bi)切(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)利用(yong)槽(cao)口應(ying)力集(ji)中定向開裂的(de)(de)設(she)想，后經(jing)W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是(shi)(shi)(shi)有效的(de)(de)。70年(nian)代(dai)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)廣(guang)泛研(yan)究(jiu)和應(ying)用(yong)了切(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術。

是由管體(ti)(ti)、前(qian)(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)、后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)構成，管體(ti)(ti)為塑性(xing)材料(liao)制成，呈管狀(zhuang)，管體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)小于(yu)正(zheng)常炮眼內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)，長度可(ke)隨爆(bao)破需要生產，管體(ti)(ti)兩端(duan)(duan)各(ge)有外(wai)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，兩端(duan)(duan)外(wai)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)間有一(yi)縱向(xiang)切縫(feng)(feng)，切縫(feng)(feng)間等距有加強筋，前(qian)(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)呈傘(san)狀(zhuang)，傘(san)形(xing)(xing)尖有一(yi)光孔(kong)，兩側(ce)直壁(bi)內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)前(qian)(qian)端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)，帽(mao)(mao)(mao)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)大(da)于(yu)管體(ti)(ti)，后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)為一(yi)封蓋，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)大(da)于(yu)管體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前(qian)(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)后(hou)(hou)端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)。可(ke)根據炮眼深度采用合(he)適的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管管體(ti)(ti)，不需其他工(gong)具幫助送入炮眼，切縫(feng)(feng)方向(xiang)準確(que)，兩端(duan)(duan)的前(qian)(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)和后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮眼內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，保證聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管管體(ti)(ti)同心(xin)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確(que)。且(qie)利(li)于(yu)工(gong)業(ye)化生產，作業(ye)安(an)全

專用雙向爆破聚能管水壓光面爆破較水壓光面爆破，在周邊眼單循環火工品使用量上節約費用8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量從39個下降為23個費用節約41%，混凝土噴射每延米節約1.37立方米。揭陽雙向爆破聚能管水壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)比(bi)(bi)水壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)每(mei)循環節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)258.4元(yuan)，即每(mei)延米節(jie)約(yue)(yue)76較元(yuan)，節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)比(bi)(bi)例達(da)32%。此(ci)外(wai)，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)水壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)降(jiang)低(di)隧道內石渣(zha)塊度(du)和粉塵含量，還可使通風時間有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工藝技(ji)術(shu)很成(cheng)熟、可操作(zuo)性很強、材料成(cheng)本很低(di)、施工速(su)度(du)很快、節(jie)能(neng)環保效(xiao)(xiao)果很顯著、經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益社(she)會效(xiao)(xiao)益很高。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)是(shi)近(jin)幾年發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)起來的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)項掘進新技(ji)術(shu),這種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)與傳統(tong)的(de)(de)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)有(you)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)差別,聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)原理是(shi)在巷道周邊(bian)眼中,將炸(zha)裝在聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)時利用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),以減少(shao)裂(lie)隙的(de)(de)數量和控制優勢裂(lie)隙的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方向。