聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)法(fa)特點是:不需要打(da)(da)眼(yan)(yan)，因而(er)不需要購買(mai)打(da)(da)眼(yan)(yan)設備和(he)(he)動力設備;施(shi)工(gong)簡(jian)單，施(shi)工(gong)進度比(bi)(bi)淺眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)法(fa)快安全性比(bi)(bi)普通淺眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)法(fa)和(he)(he)普通裸露藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)法(fa)好;勞動強度比(bi)(bi)淺眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)法(fa)低。制(zhi)(zhi)造聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)所采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有:黑索(suo)金(jin)和(he)(he)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)混合熔鑄型;乳化油炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)黑索(suo)金(jin)混裝型和(he)(he)二(er)號(hao)巖(yan)石硝(xiao)鉸炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)壓制(zhi)(zhi)型。根據(ju)使用(yong)的(de)(de)結果(guo)證(zheng)明，選(xuan)用(yong)密度較(jiao)(jiao)大和(he)(he)爆(bao)(bao)速(su)較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)造聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)獲得較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)效果(guo)。這主要是由于它加(jia)工(gong)簡(jian)單和(he)(he)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力較(jiao)(jiao)大。在礦山由于二(er)次破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)消耗的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)，而(er)且金(jin)屬(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)費工(gong)又費材料，所以(yi)多(duo)不采(cai)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩。國(guo)內生產(chan)的(de)(de)一種用(yong)于破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)大塊的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)，裝置聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)時，要將(jiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)垂直裝在大塊的(de)(de)頂(ding)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)穴朝(chao)下。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)位(wei)置應選(xuan)在頂(ding)面(mian)的(de)(de)幾何中心或附近(jin)較(jiao)(jiao)平整的(de)(de)地點。然后在上(shang)(shang)面(mian)覆(fu)蓋泥沙。

預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)與(yu)(yu)(yu)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)的歷史(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)現(xian)(xian)狀：預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)沿設(she)計開(kai)挖(wa)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)界布(bu)置(zhi)密(mi)集(ji)炮(pao)孔(kong)，采(cai)取不耦合(he)裝藥或裝填低(di)威力炸(zha)藥，在(zai)(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區之前起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從(cong)而在(zai)(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區與(yu)(yu)(yu)保留(liu)區之間形成預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)，以減弱主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)對保留(liu)巖體(ti)的破(po)(po)壞并(bing)形成平整(zheng)輪(lun)廓面(mian)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作業(ye)。光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)沿設(she)計開(kai)挖(wa)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)界布(bu)設(she)密(mi)集(ji)炮(pao)孔(kong)，采(cai)用(yong)不耦合(he)裝藥或裝填低(di)威力炸(zha)藥，在(zai)(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)之后起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的以形成平整(zheng)的開(kai)挖(wa)輪(lun)廓面(mian)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作業(ye)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)的發展是(shi)(shi)先出(chu)現(xian)(xian)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，然后衍生發展為預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。聚能管國(guo)內(nei)歷史(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)現(xian)(xian)狀，我國(guo)于1964～1965年在(zai)(zai)湖(hu)北(bei)陸(lu)水水電站施工中(zhong)做過淺孔(kong)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)試驗(yan)，1965年鐵道部門在(zai)(zai)成昆鐵路(lu)(lu)建設(she)中(zhong)開(kai)始(shi)試驗(yan)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，1977年在(zai)(zai)西延線張家船(chuan)工點，全長近200m的2000m2路(lu)(lu)塹(qian)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡全部采(cai)用(yong)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)后邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡平整(zheng)穩定，殘(can)留(liu)的半孔(kong)清(qing)晰可見，是(shi)(shi)鐵路(lu)(lu)建設(she)中(zhong)采(cai)用(yong)路(lu)(lu)塹(qian)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。

聚能(neng)(neng)包(bao)由炸(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔(ge)板、殼體、引信(xin)和(he)支架(jia)等部(bu)分組(zu)成，其作用(yong)及對(dui)聚能(neng)(neng)包(bao)威力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響分述如(ru)下(xia)。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是(shi)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)爆破的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆壓(ya)越(yue)大(da)，聚能(neng)(neng)彈威力(li)(li)越(yue)大(da)；為(wei)得到(dao)高(gao)爆壓(ya)，需高(gao)爆速、高(gao)密度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)。常用(yong)炸(zha)有(you)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)、8321炸(zha)等，裝(zhuang)方法有(you)熔(rong)鑄(zhu)，塑(su)裝(zhuang)和(he)壓(ya)裝(zhuang)多(duo)種(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)是(shi)把炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆炸(zha)能(neng)(neng)轉化成罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)射(she)流(liu)動能(neng)(neng)，從(cong)而提高(gao)其穿(chuan)透和(he)切割能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)必須滿足四點要求，即可(ke)壓(ya)縮性小、密度(du)高(gao)、塑(su)性和(he)延展性好，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成射(she)流(liu)中(zhong)不汽化。大(da)量試驗證明，用(yong)紫(zi)銅制作型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果(guo)好，其次為(wei)鑄(zhu)鐵、鋼和(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣，主要有(you)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，如(ru)圓錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)用(yong)于切割屬(shu)板材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)用(yong)于切割管(guan)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩(liang)種(zhong)；中(zhong)心對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)包(bao)，中(zhong)心有(you)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外敷(fu)設炸(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間同時起爆，可(ke)在(zai)空腔中(zhong)心點獲(huo)得極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量集(ji)中(zhong)。在(zai)工程中(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)兩(liang)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。

在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，常用(yong)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)使雷(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)，進(jin)而(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)器材有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管、導線和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)連接形式，要(yao)(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工程的(de)重要(yao)(yao)性、所選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)等(deng)進(jin)行(xing)選(xuan)擇，基本連接方式有(you)：串聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串并(bing)聯(lian)和(he)并(bing)串聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)較安全、可靠、準確、高(gao)效(xiao)等(deng)優點，在(zai)國內外(wai)仍占有(you)較大(da)比重。在(zai)大(da)、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主要(yao)(yao)仍是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在(zai)有(you)瓦斯(si)、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)的(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要(yao)(yao)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易受(shou)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)的(de)干擾而(er)發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管。

在建造隧道的時候，人們首先想到的個方式，就是使用爆破技術，專業o型聚能管開山挖隧道修路，常規爆破技術需要使用數以噸計的炸，炸的威力十分巨大，但是在炸完之后，空氣中全是煙塵，根本無法進入，另外常規爆破炸出來的輪廓線凹凸不平，后期常常需要工人進一步修補輪廓線才能進行下一道工序，耗時耗力，那么有沒有其他的方式比常規爆破技術更好呢？2018年3月，央視報道了一場隧道爆破對比實驗，實驗采用兩種爆破技術，滴喲中是使用炸的常規爆破技術，第二種則是國人新發明的聚能水壓光面爆破技術，隨著聲聲巨響，這場對比試驗的結果超乎所有人的意料，滁州o型聚能管聚能水(shui)壓爆破(po)技術的(de)(de)爆炸效果更(geng)好(hao)，而且爆破(po)產生的(de)(de)水(shui)霧能將煙塵(chen)(chen)覆蓋，起(qi)到降塵(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)作用，這項爆破(po)新方(fang)式得到了觀眾(zhong)們(men)的(de)(de)認可。

給(gei)大家介紹(shao)下爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)技術(shu)原理(li)∶炸(zha)藥爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)產生的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波通(tong)過聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽，將炸(zha)藥的(de)(de)動能(neng)、勢能(neng)轉換成高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)、高(gao)速、高(gao)能(neng)的(de)(de)射(she)流，切割(ge)演(yan)示(shi)成縫(feng)。射(she)流在(zai)孔(kong)壁產生射(she)流壓(ya)(ya)力達7000MPa，巖石動載(zai)抗(kang)壓(ya)(ya)強度為(wei)200MPa，抗(kang)拉為(wei)1/8～1/10的(de)(de)抗(kang)壓(ya)(ya)強度，相鄰(lin)兩(liang)(liang)炮(pao)孔(kong)互為(wei)鄰(lin)空面，疊加后的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮波變為(wei)稀疏波，在(zai)兩(liang)(liang)炮(pao)眼(yan)連線上使(shi)巖石結構斷裂，形(xing)成裂紋。準(zhun)靜(jing)態氣(qi)體膨脹，靜(jing)態壓(ya)(ya)力在(zai)兩(liang)(liang)炮(pao)孔(kong)最短(duan)連線兩(liang)(liang)側產生拉力使(shi)巖石裂縫(feng)進一步(bu)擴展。根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破應力集中氣(qi)刃(ren)作用(yong)原則，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破氣(qi)體沿裂縫(feng)進一步(bu)擴大貫通(tong)，拋落巖石。