我國于1983年制(zhi)定了(le)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖行基礎開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自(zi)此(ci)，在水(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)電建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成為(wei)必須(xu)進行的保護邊(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)質量的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開(kai)挖技術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。此(ci)后在此(ci)基礎上修訂的《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖石(shi)基礎開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以及在《水(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)利(li)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖石(shi)基礎開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均被編入并(bing)有所(suo)改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部(bu)也不僅規(gui)定了(le)凡是Ⅲ級(ji)以上的巖石(shi)邊(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)，設(she)(she)計邊(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)坡(po)(po)(po)度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)部(bu)位的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)(she)計和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并(bing)闡述了(le)光面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)設(she)(she)計的原則和(he)參數(shu)、安(an)全措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，而且還(huan)明(ming)確了(le)路塹(qian)邊(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)光面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項目質量驗收檢(jian)測數(shu)量和(he)檢(jian)測方法。無疑該(gai)規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的實(shi)施(shi)(shi)，有力(li)地(di)推動和(he)促進了(le)光面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)在鐵路建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)的應(ying)用與發(fa)展(zhan)。

各種爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)器(qi)材銷毀以及(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)器(qi)材意外爆(bao)(bao)炸時(shi)，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)源(yuan)與(yu)人(ren)員和(he)其他保(bao)護(hu)對(dui)象之間的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)稱(cheng)為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)應(ying)取各種爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)效應(ying)（地(di)震、沖(chong)擊(ji)波(bo)(bo)、飛(fei)(fei)石(shi)、有毒氣(qi)體(ti)等）分別核定(ding)的(de)(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)時(shi)，必然產生(sheng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)地(di)震、空氣(qi)沖(chong)擊(ji)波(bo)(bo)、碎石(shi)飛(fei)(fei)散(san)及(ji)(ji)有害(hai)氣(qi)體(ti)，因此，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)(she)計時(shi)必須(xu)確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)危(wei)害(hai)范圍，并確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)點到附近人(ren)員、設(she)(she)備、建筑物及(ji)(ji)井巷等的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，這(zhe)一段(duan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)就稱(cheng)為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)。如何控制好(hao)這(zhe)段(duan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)就顯的(de)(de)尤為(wei)重要。為(wei)保(bao)證(zheng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)地(di)點與(yu)人(ren)員或(huo)其他應(ying)保(bao)護(hu)對(dui)象之間必須(xu)保(bao)持短的(de)(de)相(xiang)隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)有害(hai)效應(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)的(de)(de)增加(jia)有規律地(di)衰減，用距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)作(zuo)為(wei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)尺度可限定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)有害(hai)效應(ying)在允許限度之內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)規程》規定(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)地(di)震安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)，個別飛(fei)(fei)散(san)物安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)，以及(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)炸沖(chong)擊(ji)波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)。

是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、前錐形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)構成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)為塑性材料制(zhi)成，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)小于(yu)(yu)正常炮(pao)眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可(ke)隨爆破需要生(sheng)產，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)各(ge)有外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋，兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋間(jian)有一(yi)縱向(xiang)切(qie)縫(feng)，切(qie)縫(feng)間(jian)等(deng)距有加強(qiang)筋，前錐形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈傘狀，傘形尖有一(yi)光孔，兩(liang)側直壁內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)(luo)紋，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)前端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)(luo)紋配(pei)合，帽(mao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)為一(yi)封(feng)蓋，外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，與前錐形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)(luo)紋，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)后端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)(luo)紋配(pei)合。可(ke)根(gen)據炮(pao)眼(yan)深度(du)采用合適的聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，不需其他(ta)工具幫助送(song)入炮(pao)眼(yan)，切(qie)縫(feng)方(fang)向(xiang)準確，兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)的前錐形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與炮(pao)眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)，保證(zheng)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)同心，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確。且(qie)利于(yu)(yu)工業化生(sheng)產，作業安全

專業爆破多向聚能管施工工藝嚴格遵循六字方針(掛滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要保證炮眼打眼質量,炮眼必須按技術要求合理布置。(2)要保證掏槽眼以及其他眼眼的打眼質量,一定要在規定位置上打眼;二南京爆破多向聚能管要(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)深度和(he)角度。(3)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)藥(yao)(yao)時(shi),要(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)乳化(hua)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)在聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)中空(kong)內(nei)壁(bi)中填充飽滿(man)不(bu)得有空(kong)隙(xi)出現(xian)時(shi)以產生(sheng)拒爆(bao)。(4)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)在炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)中裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填時(shi),要(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的兩(liang)條(tiao)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽指向(xiang)巷道輪廓(kuo)(kuo)線方向(xiang)并且(qie)各(ge)個炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽軸線方面要(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)相互(hu)連接在隧道輪廓(kuo)(kuo)線上。否(fou)則(ze)成型效(xiao)果(guo)不(bu)僅不(bu)好,反而更差。(5)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)堵塞質量。(6)放炮(pao)員應(ying)提前按規定裝(zhuang)(zhuang)好聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao),并做好準備工(gong)作。試用范圍:一級至五級圍巖的光面爆(bao)破工(gong)程。