聚(ju)能藥包破(po)碎(sui)法(fa)特點(dian)是:不需要(yao)打眼(yan)，因(yin)而(er)不需要(yao)購(gou)買打眼(yan)設(she)備(bei)和(he)(he)動(dong)力(li)設(she)備(bei);施(shi)工(gong)簡單(dan)，施(shi)工(gong)進(jin)度(du)比淺(qian)眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)法(fa)快安全性(xing)比普(pu)通淺(qian)眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)法(fa)和(he)(he)普(pu)通裸(luo)露(lu)藥包法(fa)好;勞動(dong)強度(du)比淺(qian)眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)法(fa)低。制造聚(ju)能藥包所(suo)采用的(de)炸藥有(you):黑(hei)索金和(he)(he)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)混(hun)合熔鑄型;乳化油(you)炸藥和(he)(he)黑(hei)索金混(hun)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)型和(he)(he)二號巖石硝(xiao)鉸(jiao)炸藥壓制型。根據使用的(de)結(jie)果證明，選用密度(du)較大(da)和(he)(he)爆(bao)速較高的(de)炸藥制造聚(ju)能藥包能獲得較好的(de)破(po)碎(sui)效果。這主要(yao)是由于(yu)它加(jia)工(gong)簡單(dan)和(he)(he)破(po)碎(sui)能力(li)較大(da)。在(zai)礦山由于(yu)二次破(po)碎(sui)消耗的(de)藥包較多，而(er)且金屬藥型罩的(de)加(jia)工(gong)費工(gong)又(you)費材料，所(suo)以(yi)多不采用藥型罩。國內生(sheng)產的(de)一種用于(yu)破(po)碎(sui)大(da)塊的(de)聚(ju)能藥包，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)聚(ju)能藥包時，要(yao)將藥包垂直裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)大(da)塊的(de)頂(ding)面上，聚(ju)能穴朝下(xia)。藥包位置(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)選在(zai)頂(ding)面的(de)幾何(he)中心或附(fu)近較平整的(de)地點(dian)。然(ran)后在(zai)上面覆(fu)蓋泥沙(sha)。

我國于(yu)1983年(nian)制定(ding)了《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)巖行(xing)基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此(ci)(ci)，在(zai)水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電(dian)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已(yi)成為(wei)(wei)必(bi)須進(jin)(jin)行(xing)的保護(hu)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)。此(ci)(ci)后在(zai)此(ci)(ci)基礎(chu)上(shang)修訂的《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)巖石(shi)基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及在(zai)《水(shui)(shui)電(dian)水(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)巖石(shi)基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均被編入并(bing)有所(suo)改進(jin)(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修編為(wei)(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部(bu)也(ye)不僅規(gui)(gui)定(ding)了凡是Ⅲ級以上(shang)的巖石(shi)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)，設(she)計(ji)(ji)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度為(wei)(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)部(bu)位(wei)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)(ji)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采用光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，并(bing)闡述了光(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的原則和參(can)數(shu)、安全措(cuo)施(shi)，而且(qie)還明確了路(lu)塹邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)光(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項目質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)驗收檢測(ce)數(shu)量(liang)和檢測(ce)方法。無(wu)疑(yi)該(gai)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)的實施(shi)，有力地推動(dong)和促進(jin)(jin)了光(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)鐵路(lu)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)的應用與發展(zhan)。

施工(gong)因(yin)(yin)其(qi)復雜(za)性(xing)、專業性(xing)、危險性(xing)，稍有不(bu)慎(shen)，將對(dui)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命財(cai)產(chan)安(an)全造成(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)估量的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失，例(li)如廣東宏大(da)寧夏“10.16”、山東保利“5.20”等重大(da)安(an)全事故(gu)。因(yin)(yin)此，相(xiang)較其(qi)他(ta)行業，國(guo)家(jia)出臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關法律(lv)法規(gui)多、專、嚴，從(cong)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)材料（炸藥(yao)、雷管、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)索?管?及相(xiang)關材料）的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)、購進、運輸、儲存、發放、布網、連接、起爆(bao)(bao)、排爆(bao)(bao)等一(yi)系(xi)列程序均有嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)規(gui)定(ding)和科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作規(gui)程，并且相(xiang)關從(cong)業單(dan)位(wei)和人(ren)(ren)員均應取得相(xiang)應資質(zhi)。做為各類爆(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)或缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種導(dao)線(xian)(xian)，特別不(bu)同于一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電線(xian)(xian)電纜，其(qi)質(zhi)量要求(qiu)及各項技術(shu)參數(shu)也與普通電線(xian)(xian)電纜不(bu)同。部分家(jia)庭(ting)作坊式的(de)(de)(de)(de)電線(xian)(xian)電纜廠無科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)工(gong)藝、無基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測設備(bei)、無專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)人(ren)(ren)員，甚(shen)至(zhi)不(bu)知(zhi)道爆(bao)(bao)破(po)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量要求(qiu)和技術(shu)參數(shu)，更不(bu)可(ke)(ke)能制(zhi)訂自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)企業標準，僅憑簡陋(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)、以粗糙的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)仿進行生產(chan)經營活動(dong)，致使市場充斥著假冒偽劣(lie)產(chan)品，導(dao)致爆(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)提前(qian)或延遲起爆(bao)(bao)、盲(mang)炮增(zeng)加且強制(zhi)排爆(bao)(bao)困難，給(gei)人(ren)(ren)身安(an)全和財(cai)產(chan)以及正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)經營活動(dong)造成(cheng)(cheng)了不(bu)可(ke)(ke)估量的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失。

專用礦用型聚能管水壓光面爆破較水壓光面爆破，在周邊眼單循環火工品使用量上節約費用8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量從39個下降為23個費用節約41%，混凝土噴射每延米節約1.37立方米。青島礦用型聚能管水壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)比水壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)每循環(huan)(huan)節約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用258.4元(yuan)，即每延米節約(yue)(yue)76較元(yuan)，節約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用比例達(da)32%。此外(wai)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)水壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)降(jiang)低(di)隧道內石渣塊度和粉塵含(han)量(liang)，還可使通風時(shi)間有效(xiao)縮短33%。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工藝(yi)技(ji)術(shu)很(hen)(hen)成熟、可操作性很(hen)(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)(hen)低(di)、施工速度很(hen)(hen)快(kuai)、節能(neng)(neng)(neng)環(huan)(huan)保效(xiao)果很(hen)(hen)顯著、經(jing)濟效(xiao)益社會效(xiao)益很(hen)(hen)高。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)是(shi)近幾(ji)年(nian)發展起來(lai)的(de)一(yi)項掘(jue)進新技(ji)術(shu),這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)與傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)有一(yi)定的(de)差別,聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)原理是(shi)在(zai)巷道周(zhou)邊眼中,將炸(zha)裝在(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)破(po)時(shi)利用聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作用,以減少裂隙的(de)數量(liang)和控制優(you)勢裂隙的(de)發展方(fang)向(xiang)。

是(shi)由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體、前錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽、后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵構成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體為塑(su)性材料制成(cheng)，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)小于(yu)正常炮眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度可(ke)隨爆(bao)破(po)需要生產，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體兩端(duan)各(ge)有外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，兩端(duan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)間(jian)有一(yi)縱(zong)向切(qie)(qie)縫(feng)，切(qie)(qie)縫(feng)間(jian)等(deng)距(ju)有加強(qiang)筋，前錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽呈傘(san)狀(zhuang)，傘(san)形尖有一(yi)光孔，兩側直壁(bi)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)前端(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)配(pei)合(he)，帽體外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵為一(yi)封蓋，外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，與前錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)端(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)配(pei)合(he)。可(ke)根據炮眼(yan)深度采用合(he)適的聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體，不需其他工具幫助送入(ru)炮眼(yan)，切(qie)(qie)縫(feng)方向準確(que)，兩端(duan)的前錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽和后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)與炮眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，保證聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體同心(xin)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向準確(que)。且利(li)于(yu)工業化(hua)生產，作業安(an)全(quan)