水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)較水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po),在(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)眼單循環(huan)火工品使用量上節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)費(fei)用8.3%,周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)眼鉆孔數(shu)量從39個下降為23個費(fei)用節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)41%,混凝土噴射(she)每(mei)延米節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)1.37立方米。水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)比水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)每(mei)循環(huan)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)費(fei)用258.4元(yuan),即每(mei)延米節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)76較元(yuan),節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)費(fei)用比例達32%。此外,聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)能(neng)(neng)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)降低隧道內石渣(zha)塊(kuai)度和粉塵(chen)含量,還可使通(tong)風時間(jian)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工藝(yi)技術(shu)很(hen)(hen)(hen)成(cheng)熟(shu)、可操(cao)作性很(hen)(hen)(hen)強(qiang)、材料成(cheng)本很(hen)(hen)(hen)低、施工速度很(hen)(hen)(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環(huan)保效(xiao)(xiao)果很(hen)(hen)(hen)顯著(zhu)、經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)社會效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)很(hen)(hen)(hen)高(gao)。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)是(shi)近幾(ji)年(nian)發(fa)展(zhan)起來的(de)一(yi)項掘進新技術(shu),這種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)與傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)差(cha)別,聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)原理(li)是(shi)在(zai)巷(xiang)道周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)眼中,將(jiang)炸裝在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)時利用聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)作用,以(yi)減少裂隙的(de)數(shu)量和控(kong)制(zhi)優勢裂隙的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)方向(xiang)。
我國(guo)20世紀60年(nian)代利用(yong)(yong)斷裂(lie)(lie)力(li)學(xue)對巖石損傷引起(qi)的裂(lie)(lie)紋擴(kuo)展進行過試驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu),為(wei)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)到(dao)工(gong)(gong)程做(zuo)了(le)不(bu)少理論(lun)分析(xi),也取得(de)一些進展。80年(nian)代中期開(kai)(kai)始進行應(ying)用(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu),以(yi)北(bei)京礦業學(xue)院(yuan)為(wei)代表,著(zhu)重(zhong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)了(le)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)包切割饑理和應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。1987年(nian)淮南礦業學(xue)院(yuan)取得(de)“雙(shuang)面切割器”的zhuanli,1995年(nian)又取得(de)“大(da)理石花崗巖切割技術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)”zhuanli。1991年(nian)中國(guo)水電七(qi)局曾試圖采用(yong)(yong)硬質(zhi)紙加(jia)工(gong)(gong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管(guan)成形聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)卷做(zuo)過聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)試驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu),但(dan)終因當(dang)時的技術(shu)及工(gong)(gong)藝水平的限制無法(fa)用(yong)(yong)于正常施工(gong)(gong),但(dan)是他(ta)們開(kai)(kai)了(le)橢(tuo)圓雙(shuang)極線(xian)性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)結(jie)構試驗(yan)(yan)的先(xian)河(he)。雙(shuang)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)預裂(lie)(lie)與光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)綜(zong)合(he)技術(shu)開(kai)(kai)創(chuang)輪廓控制爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)新時代。
水壓(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu),是在(zai)水壓(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)基(ji)礎(chu)上發展起(qi)來(lai)的(de)一項新技術(shu)(shu),其掏槽(cao)眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝藥結(jie)構和(he)(he)(he)爆(bao)破(po)(po)方(fang)式與(yu)水壓(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)相同,但在(zai)周邊眼(yan)中安(an)裝專用聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝置替代常規爆(bao)破(po)(po)藥卷(juan)和(he)(he)(he)傳爆(bao)線,利(li)用聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)粒子射流(liu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)爆(bao)破(po)(po)氣體(ti)應力及“氣楔”作用,形成平(ping)整圓順的(de)開挖輪廓面(mian)(mian),對(dui)控制(zhi)超欠挖具(ju)有良好效果,有效提升了隧道施工質量、進(jin)度和(he)(he)(he)經濟效益。科學合理地利(li)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan),提高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)用效率,對(dui)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減排也(ye)十分重要。利(li)用聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)兩端(duan)的(de)水平(ping)開出的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)射流(liu)效應對(dui)巖石進(jin)行破(po)(po)碎(sui)。據專家測算(suan),由于聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)兩端(duan)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)切割效應,其能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效比提升一個量級(ji)。
礦用型聚能管廠家聚能藥包破碎法特點是:不需要打眼,因而不需要購買打眼設備和動力設備;施工簡單,施工進度比淺眼爆破法快安全性比普通淺眼爆破法和普通裸露藥包法好;勞動強度比淺眼爆破法低。礦用型聚能管廠家制造聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)包所采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)有:黑索金和梯(ti)恩梯(ti)混合熔(rong)鑄型;乳(ru)化油炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)和黑索金混裝(zhuang)(zhuang)型和二號巖(yan)石硝鉸炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)壓制型。根(gen)據使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果證明(ming),選用(yong)密度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)和爆速較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)制造聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)包能(neng)(neng)(neng)獲(huo)得(de)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)破碎(sui)效果。這主要是由于它加工(gong)簡(jian)單(dan)和破碎(sui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)。在礦山由于二次破碎(sui)消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)包較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多,而且金屬藥(yao)(yao)型罩的(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)費(fei)工(gong)又費(fei)材料,所以多不采用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)型罩。國內生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種用(yong)于破碎(sui)大(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)包,裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)包時,要將藥(yao)(yao)包垂直(zhi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在大(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂面(mian)上,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)穴朝下。藥(yao)(yao)包位置(zhi)(zhi)應選在頂面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何中心或(huo)附近(jin)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)平(ping)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)地點(dian)。然后在上面(mian)覆(fu)蓋泥沙。