在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導火索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使(shi)雷(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)，進而起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)藥的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)(de)器材有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管、導線和起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接形(xing)式，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方(fang)法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規(gui)模(mo)、工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性、所選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其(qi)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等進行選(xuan)擇，基(ji)本連(lian)接方(fang)式有(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串(chuan)并(bing)聯(lian)和并(bing)串(chuan)聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)較(jiao)安全、可靠、準確、高(gao)效等優點，在(zai)國內(nei)外仍占有(you)較(jiao)大比(bi)重。在(zai)大、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主要(yao)仍是用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在(zai)有(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受(shou)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)(de)干(gan)擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因(yin)此在(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，不能使(shi)用(yong)(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管。

多向聚能管公司給大家介紹下爆破聚能管的技術原理∶炸藥爆炸產生的爆轟波通過聚能管的聚能槽，將炸藥的動能、勢能轉換成高壓、高速、高能的射流，切割演示成縫。專用多向聚能管射流在(zai)孔(kong)壁產生(sheng)射流壓力(li)達7000MPa，巖(yan)石動載(zai)抗(kang)壓強度(du)為200MPa，抗(kang)拉為1/8～1/10的(de)抗(kang)壓強度(du)，相鄰(lin)兩(liang)(liang)炮孔(kong)互為鄰(lin)空面，疊加后的(de)壓縮波變為稀疏波，在(zai)兩(liang)(liang)炮眼(yan)連線上使巖(yan)石結構斷裂(lie)(lie)，形成裂(lie)(lie)紋。準(zhun)靜態(tai)氣(qi)體膨脹，靜態(tai)壓力(li)在(zai)兩(liang)(liang)炮孔(kong)最短連線兩(liang)(liang)側產生(sheng)拉力(li)使巖(yan)石裂(lie)(lie)縫進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)擴展(zhan)。根據爆(bao)破應力(li)集中氣(qi)刃作(zuo)用(yong)原則，爆(bao)破氣(qi)體沿裂(lie)(lie)縫進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)擴大(da)貫通，拋落巖(yan)石。

采用一種(zhong)抗靜電(dian)阻燃的特種(zhong)塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)、異形雙槽聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)，根據炮眼(yan)(yan)深(shen)度可長可短(duan)。是兩個相似半壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)(guan)組成(cheng)，半壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)央有(you)個凹(ao)進(jin)去的槽叫做'聚(ju)能(neng)槽"，使用聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)成(cheng)型效(xiao)果好，開挖輪廓線(xian)平順整齊，圍(wei)巖擾動減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)、超欠挖明顯改善，有(you)利于支(zhi)護工(gong)(gong)序施工(gong)(gong)，同時(shi)混凝(ning)土回填成(cheng)本大為降(jiang)低。鑿孔(kong)率(lv)(lv)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)30%，大大降(jiang)低了(le)爆(bao)破(po)作業(ye)工(gong)(gong)班的勞動量:鉆孔(kong)縮短(duan)30分鐘、少(shao)(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)(yan)、出渣量減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)，降(jiang)低了(le)材料(liao)成(cheng)本、減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)消耗(hao)、勞動效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)明顯提(ti)(ti)(ti)高，周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破(po)成(cheng)本降(jiang)低30%以上(shang)，半眼(yan)(yan)痕(hen)保留率(lv)(lv)高達85%以上(shang)。pvc爆(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)主要(yao)應用于隧道(dao)、煤(mei)礦、鐵礦等需要(yao)進(jin)行光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)施工(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)程。采用聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)可減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)鉆孔(kong)，擴大孔(kong)距，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)導(dao)爆(bao)管(guan)(guan)用量，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)超挖，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)噴漿，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高半孔(kong)率(lv)(lv)，既節(jie)省了(le)成(cheng)本又提(ti)(ti)(ti)高了(le)施工(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。

各(ge)種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器材銷毀以及(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器材意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)源與人員和其他(ta)保(bao)護對象之間的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)應(ying)取各(ge)種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)效應(ying)（地(di)震、沖擊(ji)波(bo)、飛石、有毒氣體等）分別核(he)定(ding)的(de)(de)大(da)值(zhi)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)時，必然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)震、空氣沖擊(ji)波(bo)、碎(sui)石飛散及(ji)(ji)有害(hai)氣體，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)時必須確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)危害(hai)范圍，并確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附(fu)近人員、設(she)備、建筑物(wu)及(ji)(ji)井巷等的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，這一段距(ju)(ju)離(li)就稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)。如何控(kong)制好(hao)這段距(ju)(ju)離(li)就顯的(de)(de)尤為(wei)重要。為(wei)保(bao)證(zheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)點(dian)與人員或其他(ta)應(ying)保(bao)護對象之間必須保(bao)持(chi)短的(de)(de)相隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)效應(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)離(li)的(de)(de)增加有規律地(di)衰減(jian)，用距(ju)(ju)離(li)作為(wei)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)尺度可(ke)限定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)效應(ying)在允(yun)許限度之內(nei)。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)規程(cheng)》規定(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)震安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)，個別飛散物(wu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)，以及(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)沖擊(ji)波(bo)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)。

發揮(hui)巨(ju)大效(xiao)(xiao)力(li)(li)的(de)關(guan)鍵又在其上(shang)面的(de)“聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)”上(shang)。項(xiang)目部(bu)目前采(cai)用(yong)的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)有兩個(ge)“聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)”，通過這兩個(ge)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)作用(yong)讓爆(bao)(bao)炸的(de)威力(li)(li)在隧道(dao)中切割出十(shi)分平順的(de)輪廓線，的(de)控制(zhi)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)量，有效(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)控了(le)超挖(wa)欠挖(wa)的(de)現象。為了(le)進(jin)一(yi)步嚴格控制(zhi)開挖(wa)輪廓，達到提高光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)效(xiao)(xiao)果的(de)目的(de)，并研究出了(le)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)上(shang)兩個(ge)“聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)”變為三個(ge)“聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)”的(de)發明設(she)計，目前，該發明設(she)計已經(jing)進(jin)入到了(le)試生(sheng)產階(jie)段。未來，三“聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)”設(she)計的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)水壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術將推(tui)動(dong)中鐵(tie)十(shi)四局四公司張吉(ji)懷鐵(tie)路(lu)項(xiang)目部(bu)施工開展(zhan)邁上(shang)一(yi)個(ge)新(xin)的(de)臺階(jie)，給項(xiang)目部(bu)帶來巨(ju)大的(de)經(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)益。工程爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術經(jing)過幾十(shi)年的(de)發展(zhan)，已經(jing)滲(shen)透(tou)到經(jing)濟建設(she)的(de)眾(zhong)多領(ling)域，特別為中國的(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)建設(she)、礦山開采(cai)、城市拆舊定向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)等做出了(le)重要貢(gong)獻。

在鐵路(lu)、礦山(shan)(shan)、水庫等大(da)(da)(da)型工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)，爆破(po)技(ji)術的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)很關(guan)鍵很重要。采礦修(xiu)路(lu)的(de)開(kai)山(shan)(shan)挖隧道，城(cheng)(cheng)市對舊建筑物的(de)拆(chai)除(chu)，都會用(yong)到(dao)爆破(po)技(ji)術。隨著(zhu)經濟(ji)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設的(de)增(zeng)多，爆破(po)引(yin)起了(le)(le)人們更(geng)多的(de)關(guan)注。爆破(po)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管作(zuo)為(wei)一種(zhong)科(ke)學技(ji)術，應(ying)用(yong)很廣，但(dan)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)上的(de)應(ying)用(yong)無疑是重要、常(chang)見的(de)，采礦開(kai)山(shan)(shan)，修(xiu)鐵路(lu)、公(gong)路(lu)用(yong)鉆(zhan)爆法來開(kai)掘隧道，水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)上也用(yong)一些(xie)，城(cheng)(cheng)市里面也使用(yong)了(le)(le)，拆(chai)除(chu)樓房。利用(yong)炸(zha)爆炸(zha)產生的(de)巨(ju)大(da)(da)(da)能(neng)量破(po)壞(huai)某種(zhong)物體的(de)原結構，這種(zhong)"破(po)壞(huai)"效果(guo)不是其(qi)他方法能(neng)代替(ti)的(de)，它雖然不是獨立完成(cheng)一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，但(dan)卻是一個重要的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)，特別是石(shi)方開(kai)挖、礦山(shan)(shan)開(kai)采等工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)缺少(shao)了(le)(le)這個工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)還不行(xing)。中(zhong)國(guo)目前有(you)發(fa)達的(de)鐵路(lu)和公(gong)路(lu)交通網，可以(yi)想象，當初在修(xiu)這些(xie)路(lu)的(de)時(shi)候會遇到(dao)許多高山(shan)(shan)峻(jun)嶺，一座大(da)(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)橫在兩地之間，想要修(xiu)路(lu)，就必須讓這座山(shan)(shan)消(xiao)失，這個時(shi)候聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管爆破(po)就起到(dao)決定性作(zuo)用(yong)了(le)(le)。