各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器材(cai)銷毀以及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器材(cai)意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)源(yuan)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)員和(he)其(qi)他保(bao)護對象(xiang)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距離(li)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距離(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距離(li)應(ying)取各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)效應(ying)（地震、沖(chong)擊波(bo)、飛石、有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)氣體(ti)等）分別核(he)定(ding)的(de)(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)時，必(bi)然產(chan)生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地震、空氣沖(chong)擊波(bo)、碎石飛散及(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)氣體(ti)，因(yin)此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)設計時必(bi)須確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)危(wei)害(hai)范(fan)圍，并確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附近人(ren)(ren)員、設備、建筑物(wu)及(ji)井(jing)巷等的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，這一段距離(li)就(jiu)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距離(li)。如何控(kong)制好這段距離(li)就(jiu)顯(xian)的(de)(de)尤為(wei)重要。為(wei)保(bao)證(zheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地點(dian)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)員或其(qi)他應(ying)保(bao)護對象(xiang)之(zhi)間(jian)必(bi)須保(bao)持(chi)短的(de)(de)相(xiang)隔長度(du)(du)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)效應(ying)隨距離(li)的(de)(de)增加有(you)(you)(you)(you)規律地衰減，用距離(li)作(zuo)為(wei)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)尺(chi)度(du)(du)可(ke)限定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)效應(ying)在允許限度(du)(du)之(zhi)內。中(zhong)國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)規程》規定(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地震安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距離(li)，個(ge)別飛散物(wu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距離(li)，以及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)沖(chong)擊波(bo)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距離(li)。

水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在(zai)(zai)周邊(bian)眼單循環火工(gong)品使用量(liang)上節約(yue)費(fei)(fei)用8.3%，周邊(bian)眼鉆孔數量(liang)從39個下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)為23個費(fei)(fei)用節約(yue)41%，混凝土噴(pen)射(she)每延米節約(yue)1.37立方米。水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每循環節約(yue)費(fei)(fei)用258.4元(yuan)(yuan)，即(ji)每延米節約(yue)76較元(yuan)(yuan)，節約(yue)費(fei)(fei)用比例達32%。此外，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能(neng)有效降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)隧道(dao)內石渣塊度(du)和(he)粉塵含(han)量(liang)，還可(ke)(ke)使通(tong)風時(shi)間有效縮(suo)短(duan)33%。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)藝技術(shu)很(hen)(hen)成(cheng)熟、可(ke)(ke)操(cao)作(zuo)性很(hen)(hen)強、材(cai)料成(cheng)本(ben)很(hen)(hen)低(di)、施工(gong)速度(du)很(hen)(hen)快、節能(neng)環保效果(guo)很(hen)(hen)顯著、經濟效益(yi)社(she)會效益(yi)很(hen)(hen)高。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)定(ding)向爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)是(shi)近(jin)幾年發(fa)展起來的(de)(de)(de)一項掘(jue)進新技術(shu),這種(zhong)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)與傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)差別,聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)定(ding)向爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)原(yuan)理是(shi)在(zai)(zai)巷道(dao)周邊(bian)眼中,將(jiang)炸裝在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)中起爆(bao),爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時(shi)利用聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)作(zuo)用,以(yi)減(jian)少裂隙的(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)和(he)控制優勢裂隙的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展方向。

光(guang)面(mian)爆破技(ji)術優勢：相對于傳統爆破工藝，聚(ju)能管光(guang)面(mian)爆破比常規爆破具(ju)有以(yi)(yi)下優勢∶少(shao)打眼，少(shao)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)。節約周邊鉆(zhan)孔(kong)量(liang)50%，總鉆(zhan)孔(kong)進尺減(jian)少(shao)30%；節約炸(zha)藥(yao)10～20%，雷管30%。節約噴(pen)漿料15-20%。節省時(shi)間(jian)(jian)∶每循環鉆(zhan)孔(kong)、裝(zhuang)藥(yao)、噴(pen)漿時(shi)間(jian)(jian)1.5-2.0小時(shi)。在安(an)全方(fang)面(mian)利用(yong)水沙袋替代炮泥(ni)，以(yi)(yi)避免搗炮泥(ni)損毀(hui)電(dian)雷管導線，造成瞎炮。大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao)對圍巖擾(rao)動(dong)，光(guang)面(mian)效果好，巖性(xing)(xing)條件差情況(kuang)(kuang)下可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao)超挖量(liang)，控制巷道(dao)成型；巖性(xing)(xing)完整(zheng)無節理情況(kuang)(kuang)下眼痕率可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)達到90%以(yi)(yi)上，巷道(dao)成型好，穩定性(xing)(xing)強。布(bu)孔(kong)方(fang)式優化成多排掏槽布(bu)孔(kong)，單次掘進深度(du)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)優化提高10%到15%不等。由于炮孔(kong)數量(liang)大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)考慮一起(qi)全斷面(mian)起(qi)爆，節省放炮時(shi)間(jian)(jian)。

聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包由(you)炸(zha)、形(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔(ge)板、殼體(ti)、引信(xin)和(he)(he)(he)支架等部(bu)分(fen)組成，其(qi)(qi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)及對聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包威(wei)力的(de)(de)影響分(fen)述如下。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)破的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)壓(ya)越(yue)大(da)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威(wei)力越(yue)大(da)；為得到高爆(bao)壓(ya)，需高爆(bao)速、高密(mi)度(du)的(de)(de)炸(zha)。常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)炸(zha)有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)等，裝方法有(you)熔鑄，塑(su)裝和(he)(he)(he)壓(ya)裝多(duo)種。2．型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是把炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化成罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體(ti)材(cai)料的(de)(de)射(she)流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而(er)提高其(qi)(qi)穿透和(he)(he)(he)切(qie)割(ge)(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)材(cai)料必(bi)須滿足四點要求，即可壓(ya)縮性小、密(mi)度(du)高、塑(su)性和(he)(he)(he)延展性好(hao)，在(zai)形(xing)成射(she)流中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)汽化。大(da)量試驗證明，用(yong)(yong)(yong)紫銅制作(zuo)型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果好(hao)，其(qi)(qi)次為鑄鐵、鋼和(he)(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)形(xing)狀多(duo)種多(duo)樣，主(zhu)要有(you)軸對稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)、半球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)、拋物線形(xing)和(he)(he)(he)喇(la)叭形(xing)等；面對稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，常(chang)(chang)見的(de)(de)有(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)切(qie)割(ge)(ge)屬板材(cai)的(de)(de)直線形(xing)和(he)(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)切(qie)割(ge)(ge)管材(cai)的(de)(de)環形(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩種；中(zhong)(zhong)心對稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，這(zhe)種球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)心有(you)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)空(kong)腔(qiang)和(he)(he)(he)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間同(tong)時起爆(bao)，可在(zai)空(kong)腔(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)心點獲得極大(da)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)工程中(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是軸對稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)和(he)(he)(he)面對稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)兩類型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。

專用o型聚能管施工工藝嚴格遵循六字方針(掛滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要保證炮眼打眼質量,炮眼必須按技術要求合理布置。(2)要保證掏槽眼以及其他眼眼的打眼質量,一定要在規定位置上打眼;二安徽o型聚能管要(yao)保證(zheng)炮眼(yan)深(shen)度和角度。(3)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝藥(yao)時,要(yao)保證(zheng)乳(ru)化炸(zha)藥(yao)在聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)空內壁中(zhong)填充(chong)飽滿(man)不(bu)得有空隙出現時以產(chan)生拒爆(bao)。(4)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)在炮眼(yan)中(zhong)裝填時,要(yao)保證(zheng)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)兩條聚能(neng)槽(cao)指向(xiang)巷道(dao)輪廓線(xian)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)并且各(ge)個炮眼(yan)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)聚能(neng)槽(cao)軸線(xian)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)要(yao)保證(zheng)相互連(lian)接在隧(sui)道(dao)輪廓線(xian)上。否則(ze)成型效(xiao)果不(bu)僅(jin)不(bu)好,反而更差。(5)保證(zheng)炮眼(yan)堵(du)塞質量。(6)放炮員應提(ti)前按(an)規定(ding)裝好聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao),并做好準備工(gong)作(zuo)。試用范(fan)圍:一級至五級圍巖的(de)(de)光面(mian)爆(bao)破工(gong)程。