在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)能使(shi)雷(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所需的器材(cai)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)、導線(xian)和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的連接(jie)(jie)形式，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)規模、工程的重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源及其(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等(deng)進行選擇(ze)，基本(ben)連接(jie)(jie)方(fang)(fang)式有(you)(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)、并聯(lian)、串(chuan)并聯(lian)和(he)并串(chuan)聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)具有(you)(you)較(jiao)安(an)全、可靠、準確、高效等(deng)優點，在(zai)國內外仍(reng)(reng)占(zhan)有(you)(you)較(jiao)大(da)比(bi)重(zhong)。在(zai)大(da)、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)，主要(yao)仍(reng)(reng)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)(shi)在(zai)有(you)(you)瓦斯(si)、礦塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主要(yao)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受各種電(dian)(dian)信號的干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此(ci)在(zai)有(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)的環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)，不能使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。

專業雙向爆破聚能管水壓光面爆破較水壓光面爆破，在周邊眼單循環火工品使用量上節約費用8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量從39個下降為23個費用節約41%，混凝土噴射每延米節約1.37立方米。平頂山雙向爆破聚能管水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破(po)比水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破(po)每循環節約費用258.4元，即每延米節約76較元，節約費用比例達32%。此外(wai)，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破(po)能(neng)有效(xiao)降低隧道(dao)內(nei)石渣塊(kuai)度(du)和(he)粉塵(chen)含量，還可使通風時間有效(xiao)縮(suo)短(duan)33%。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)光面爆(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)藝技術(shu)(shu)(shu)很(hen)成熟、可操作性(xing)很(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)低、施工(gong)(gong)速度(du)很(hen)快、節能(neng)環保(bao)效(xiao)果很(hen)顯著、經濟效(xiao)益(yi)社會效(xiao)益(yi)很(hen)高。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向爆(bao)破(po)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)是近幾(ji)年發(fa)展起(qi)來的一項掘進新技術(shu)(shu)(shu),這(zhe)種爆(bao)破(po)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)與傳(chuan)統的光面爆(bao)破(po)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)有一定(ding)的差別,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向爆(bao)破(po)原(yuan)理是在(zai)巷道(dao)周(zhou)邊眼中,將(jiang)炸裝在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)中起(qi)爆(bao),爆(bao)破(po)時利用聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)作用,以減少裂(lie)隙的數量和(he)控制(zhi)優(you)勢(shi)裂(lie)隙的發(fa)展方向。

不(bu)成(cheng)功的(de)(de)事例是(shi)有的(de)(de)，如爆(bao)(bao)而不(bu)倒、實施(shi)定向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)后沒(mei)有按爆(bao)(bao)破(po)方案(an)的(de)(de)方向倒塌等等。這些(xie)事例警(jing)示:從爆(bao)(bao)破(po)設計、爆(bao)(bao)破(po)器材(cai)質量、爆(bao)(bao)破(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)到(dao)起爆(bao)(bao)網路連(lian)接等，只要(yao)有一(yi)個環節出現失誤，都將影響爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)效果(guo)，乃至造成(cheng)嚴重的(de)(de)后果(guo)。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)作業(ye)無論是(shi)老(lao)舊建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)本身還(huan)是(shi)周圍(wei)環境都十分復雜，這不(bu)僅要(yao)求認真(zhen)調查爆(bao)(bao)破(po)體的(de)(de)結構(包括(kuo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)缺陷)，分析受力狀況，同(tong)時還(huan)要(yao)對采(cai)取技術措施(shi)(如預(yu)處理、嵌補、支(zhi)撐等)的(de)(de)可(ke)靠和(he)安(an)全性(xing)進(jin)行(xing)分析，對可(ke)能(neng)出現的(de)(de)意(yi)外(wai)情況，應預(yu)先制定應急方案(an)，努力避免安(an)全事故和(he)不(bu)必要(yao)的(de)(de)損失。工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)環保性(xing)越來(lai)越受到(dao)人們(men)的(de)(de)關注，同(tong)時，探索無公害的(de)(de)拆除爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術，一(yi)直(zhi)是(shi)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)作者追求的(de)(de)目標。設立掩蔽體對物(wu)體加以保護(hu)，簡單的(de)(de)辦法是(shi)用草袋、竹笆一(yi)類(lei)材(cai)料覆蓋在需(xu)要(yao)保護(hu)的(de)(de)物(wu)體上面;對房屋和(he)機器設備常要(yao)在迎面和(he)頂部豎立排架(jia)，用木板或荊笆上罩鐵絲網，抵御較多的(de)(de)飛石(shi)和(he)較強的(de)(de)空氣沖擊波(bo)的(de)(de)打(da)擊;對某些(xie)重要(yao)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)打(da)防震(zhen)孔或者用預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)將爆(bao)(bao)破(po)區和(he)被保護(hu)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)或工(gong)(gong)程設施(shi)隔離開來(lai)。

水(shui)(shui)壓光(guang)面爆破(po)技(ji)(ji)術在隧道(dao)掘(jue)進(jin)作(zuo)(zuo)業中(zhong)的(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)應用。提升光(guang)面爆破(po)水(shui)(shui)平、嚴抓隧道(dao)超挖管控進(jin)行了介紹。聚(ju)能水(shui)(shui)壓光(guang)面爆破(po)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)技(ji)(ji)術很(hen)成熟(shu)、可操作(zuo)(zuo)性很(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)低、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)速度很(hen)快、節能環(huan)保(bao)效(xiao)果很(hen)顯(xian)著、經(jing)濟效(xiao)益社會效(xiao)益很(hen)高。一(yi)是要(yao)提高對(dui)(dui)(dui)推廣該項技(ji)(ji)術重要(yao)性和(he)必然性的(de)(de)認識;二是要(yao)樹立必須采取(qu)聚(ju)能水(shui)(shui)壓光(guang)面爆破(po)的(de)(de)意(yi)識;三是要(yao)堅持(chi)培(pei)訓、示范、監督“三位(wei)一(yi)體”;四(si)是要(yao)制(zhi)定切(qie)實(shi)的(de)(de)獎懲制(zhi)度;五是要(yao)建(jian)立檢查監督機制(zhi)，持(chi)續促進(jin)該項技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)深入推廣。在隧道(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)現場管理、科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新、人才培(pei)養、經(jing)濟效(xiao)益等(deng)方(fang)面的(de)(de)不足。建(jian)議對(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)一(yi)線基(ji)礎技(ji)(ji)術工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)扎實(shi)推進(jin);對(dui)(dui)(dui)新工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、先進(jin)工(gong)(gong)法(fa)要(yao)深入學(xue)習鉆研;對(dui)(dui)(dui)消(xiao)極懈怠、故步自封的(de)(de)思想要(yao)堅決抵制(zhi)。

是(shi)由管(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵構成，管(guan)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)塑性(xing)材(cai)料(liao)制成，呈管(guan)狀(zhuang)，管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)小于(yu)正常炮眼內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)，長(chang)度(du)可(ke)隨爆破需要生產，管(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)各(ge)有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋，兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋間有(you)(you)一(yi)縱向(xiang)切(qie)縫，切(qie)縫間等距(ju)有(you)(you)加強筋(jin)，前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈傘(san)狀(zhuang)，傘(san)形(xing)尖有(you)(you)一(yi)光孔，兩(liang)側直(zhi)壁(bi)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)紋，與管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)前(qian)端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)紋配(pei)合，帽(mao)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵為(wei)一(yi)封蓋，外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)，與前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)致(zhi)，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)紋，與管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)后端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)紋配(pei)合。可(ke)根(gen)據炮眼深度(du)采用合適的聚能管(guan)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不(bu)需其他工(gong)具(ju)幫助送入(ru)炮眼，切(qie)縫方向(xiang)準確，兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)的前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和(he)后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)與炮眼內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)致(zhi)，保證聚能管(guan)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心(xin)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確。且利于(yu)工(gong)業化(hua)生產，作業安全