不成功的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)例是(shi)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)爆(bao)而不倒(dao)、實施(shi)定向爆(bao)破(po)后(hou)沒有按爆(bao)破(po)方案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向倒(dao)塌等等。這些事(shi)例警示:從(cong)爆(bao)破(po)設計、爆(bao)破(po)器材質量、爆(bao)破(po)施(shi)工到(dao)起爆(bao)網路連接等，只要有一個環(huan)節出(chu)(chu)現(xian)失誤(wu)，都(dou)將(jiang)(jiang)影(ying)響爆(bao)破(po)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果，乃至造(zao)成嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)果。爆(bao)破(po)作(zuo)(zuo)業無論是(shi)老舊建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)本身還是(shi)周圍環(huan)境都(dou)十(shi)分(fen)復雜(za)，這不僅要求認真調查爆(bao)破(po)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(包括施(shi)工缺陷)，分(fen)析受(shou)力(li)狀況，同時還要對(dui)(dui)(dui)采取技術措施(shi)(如(ru)預處(chu)理、嵌補、支撐等)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可靠和(he)(he)安全性進行分(fen)析，對(dui)(dui)(dui)可能出(chu)(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意外情(qing)況，應預先制(zhi)定應急方案，努力(li)避(bi)免安全事(shi)故和(he)(he)不必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)保(bao)性越來越受(shou)到(dao)人們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關注(zhu)，同時，探索無公害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拆除(chu)爆(bao)破(po)技術，一直是(shi)爆(bao)破(po)工作(zuo)(zuo)者追求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標。設立掩蔽體(ti)(ti)對(dui)(dui)(dui)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)加(jia)以保(bao)護，簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法是(shi)用草袋、竹笆一類材料覆蓋在(zai)需要保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)上(shang)面;對(dui)(dui)(dui)房屋(wu)和(he)(he)機器設備(bei)常要在(zai)迎面和(he)(he)頂部豎(shu)立排架，用木板或荊笆上(shang)罩鐵絲網，抵(di)御較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛(fei)石和(he)(he)較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)沖擊波(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)打(da)擊;對(dui)(dui)(dui)某些重(zhong)(zhong)要工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)打(da)防震孔或者用預裂爆(bao)破(po)將(jiang)(jiang)爆(bao)破(po)區和(he)(he)被保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)或工程(cheng)設施(shi)隔離開來。

采用一(yi)種抗(kang)靜電阻(zu)燃的特種塑料管、異形(xing)雙(shuang)槽(cao)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管，根據炮眼(yan)深度可長(chang)可短。是兩(liang)個相似半(ban)壁管組成(cheng)(cheng)，半(ban)壁管中央有個凹進(jin)去的槽(cao)叫做'聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)"，使用聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管光面(mian)爆(bao)破成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)效果好，開挖輪廓線平順整齊，圍(wei)巖(yan)擾動減(jian)(jian)少(shao)、超(chao)(chao)欠(qian)挖明(ming)顯改善，有利于(yu)支護工(gong)序施(shi)工(gong)，同(tong)時混(hun)凝土回填成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)大為降(jiang)低。鑿(zao)孔率(lv)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)30%，大大降(jiang)低了(le)(le)(le)爆(bao)破作業工(gong)班(ban)的勞(lao)動量(liang)(liang):鉆孔縮短30分鐘、少(shao)打眼(yan)、出渣量(liang)(liang)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)，降(jiang)低了(le)(le)(le)材料成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、減(jian)(jian)少(shao)工(gong)時消(xiao)耗(hao)、勞(lao)動效率(lv)明(ming)顯提高，周(zhou)邊眼(yan)爆(bao)破成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)降(jiang)低30%以上，半(ban)眼(yan)痕(hen)保留率(lv)高達85%以上。pvc爆(bao)破聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管主要應用于(yu)隧道、煤礦、鐵礦等(deng)需要進(jin)行光面(mian)爆(bao)破施(shi)工(gong)的工(gong)程。采用聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管的光面(mian)爆(bao)破可減(jian)(jian)少(shao)鉆孔，擴大孔距，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)導爆(bao)管用量(liang)(liang)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)超(chao)(chao)挖，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)噴(pen)漿，提高半(ban)孔率(lv)，既節省(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)又提高了(le)(le)(le)施(shi)工(gong)效率(lv)。

是由(you)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)帽、后(hou)(hou)定格(ge)堵(du)構成，管(guan)體(ti)(ti)為塑性(xing)材料制(zhi)成，呈(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)狀，管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)小(xiao)于正常炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度可(ke)隨爆破需(xu)要(yao)生產，管(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩端各有(you)(you)外(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，兩端外(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)間有(you)(you)一(yi)縱(zong)向(xiang)切(qie)縫(feng)，切(qie)縫(feng)間等距有(you)(you)加(jia)強筋，前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)帽呈(cheng)(cheng)傘狀，傘形(xing)(xing)尖有(you)(you)一(yi)光孔(kong)，兩側直壁(bi)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)(yu)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)端螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合，帽體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)于管(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后(hou)(hou)定格(ge)堵(du)為一(yi)封蓋(gai)，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)于管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)帽外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，后(hou)(hou)定格(ge)堵(du)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)(yu)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)(hou)端螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合。可(ke)根(gen)據炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)深(shen)度采用(yong)合適的聚能管(guan)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不(bu)需(xu)其他工具幫助送入炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)，切(qie)縫(feng)方向(xiang)準確，兩端的前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)帽和后(hou)(hou)定格(ge)堵(du)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)(yu)炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，保證聚能管(guan)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心，定向(xiang)準確。且利于工業化生產，作業安(an)全

在(zai)工程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導火(huo)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進(jin)(jin)而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)(de)器材有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)、導線(xian)和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路的(de)(de)(de)連接形式，要根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)重要性、所選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力等進(jin)(jin)行選(xuan)擇(ze)，基(ji)本連接方式有(you)：串(chuan)聯、并(bing)聯、串(chuan)并(bing)聯和并(bing)串(chuan)聯等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)較(jiao)安全、可靠、準確、高效等優(you)點，在(zai)國內(nei)外仍占有(you)較(jiao)大(da)比重。在(zai)大(da)、中型(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，主要仍是(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是(shi)在(zai)有(you)瓦(wa)斯、礦塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的(de)(de)(de)干(gan)擾而發(fa)生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)雜(za)散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓(ya)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境中，不能使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)。

我國于1983年制定(ding)了《水(shui)工建筑(zhu)物巖行基礎(chu)(chu)(chu)開(kai)挖工程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此(ci)(ci)，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)利水(shui)電(dian)建設(she)中預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成為(wei)必須(xu)進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護邊坡(po)質量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。此(ci)(ci)后在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)基礎(chu)(chu)(chu)上(shang)修訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)《水(shui)工建筑(zhu)物巖石(shi)基礎(chu)(chu)(chu)開(kai)挖工程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及(ji)在(zai)(zai)《水(shui)電(dian)水(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)工建筑(zhu)物巖石(shi)基礎(chu)(chu)(chu)開(kai)挖工程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均被編入并有所改(gai)進，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)修編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規(gui)定(ding)了凡是Ⅲ級以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巖石(shi)邊坡(po)，設(she)計(ji)邊坡(po)坡(po)度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)邊坡(po)部位的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工都應采用光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或(huo)預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并闡述了光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技(ji)術(shu)設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則和參數(shu)、安全措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還(huan)明確了路塹邊坡(po)光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項目質量(liang)(liang)驗收檢(jian)測(ce)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)和檢(jian)測(ce)方法。無疑該規(gui)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，有力地(di)推動和促進了光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)(zai)鐵路建設(she)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用與發展(zhan)。

深孔爆破多向聚能管公司對于爆破作業安全技術的研究,是從兩個方面去考慮的，一方面是炸和起爆器材以及對其爆炸所造成的破壞作用進行限制的安全技術,這是主動的。另一個方面是對爆破所產生的危害采取的防護措施,這是被動的一個方面。兩者對阻止爆破帶來的破壞性有同樣的重要性,但在具體的爆破工程中,則常常會有變化不定的現象和后果,因此,必須對每一項工程破壞的具體情況作細致的分析研究,從而采取適當的對策。同時，深孔爆破多向聚能管公司雖然技術不(bu)斷取得進步(bu)，須(xu)在操作(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng)中注意每個工序，按照安(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)認(ren)真作(zuo)業。只要嚴格(ge)(ge)遵守安(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)、正確(que)地(di)采(cai)取安(an)全(quan)(quan)技術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)和防護(hu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),任何規(gui)模、任何種類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆破是可以(yi)確(que)保安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。一些安(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)文是有經驗教(jiao)訓和理論(lun)根據的(de)(de)(de)(de)，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)甚(shen)至是血(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)總結，所以(yi)一定(ding)要克服麻痹思想，嚴格(ge)(ge)執行安(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)定(ding)，決(jue)不(bu)能以(yi)沒出過(guo)事故而輕率地(di)"突破"規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)"框框"。