水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，是在水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)基礎(chu)上發展(zhan)起來的(de)一項新技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，其掏槽(cao)眼、輔(fu)助(zhu)眼裝(zhuang)藥結構和爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方(fang)式與水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)相同，但在周邊眼中安裝(zhuang)專用聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)替(ti)代(dai)常(chang)規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)藥卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)線，利(li)用聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)粒子射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)氣體應力及“氣楔”作用，形(xing)成平整圓順的(de)開(kai)挖(wa)輪廓面，對(dui)控制超欠挖(wa)具有良好效(xiao)果，有效(xiao)提(ti)升(sheng)了隧道施工(gong)質量(liang)、進度和經(jing)濟效(xiao)益。科學(xue)合理(li)地利(li)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，提(ti)高能(neng)(neng)(neng)源利(li)用效(xiao)率(lv)，對(dui)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排也(ye)十分(fen)重要(yao)。利(li)用聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)兩端(duan)的(de)水(shui)平開(kai)出的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)應對(dui)巖石進行破(po)(po)碎。據(ju)專家測算，由于聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)兩端(duan)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)切(qie)割效(xiao)應，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比提(ti)升(sheng)一個量(liang)級。

是(shi)由管(guan)(guan)(guan)體、前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)、后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵構成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體為(wei)塑性(xing)材(cai)料(liao)制成(cheng)，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)小于正常(chang)炮眼內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度可隨爆破(po)需(xu)要生產，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體兩端(duan)(duan)各有(you)(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)螺紋，兩端(duan)(duan)外(wai)(wai)螺紋間有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)縱向(xiang)切縫(feng)，切縫(feng)間等距有(you)(you)(you)加強筋，前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)呈傘(san)狀，傘(san)形(xing)(xing)(xing)尖(jian)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)光(guang)孔，兩側直(zhi)壁內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)(you)螺紋，與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)端(duan)(duan)螺紋配合(he)，帽(mao)(mao)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵為(wei)一(yi)(yi)封蓋，外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)(yu)前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)(you)螺紋，與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)端(duan)(duan)螺紋配合(he)。可根據炮眼深(shen)度采用合(he)適的聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體，不需(xu)其他(ta)工(gong)具幫(bang)助(zhu)送入炮眼，切縫(feng)方向(xiang)準確，兩端(duan)(duan)的前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)和后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)(yu)炮眼內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，保證聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體同心(xin)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確。且(qie)利于工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化生產，作業(ye)(ye)安全

火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，導火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)導火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)傳(chuan)遞火(huo)(huo)焰(yan)點燃火(huo)(huo)雷(lei)管(guan)進(jin)而起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)。這(zhe)種(zhong)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)所(suo)(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)有：導火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)、火(huo)(huo)雷(lei)管(guan)和(he)(he)點火(huo)(huo)材(cai)料(liao)。導火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)操作簡單(dan)、靈活，使用(yong)(yong)方(fang)便，成本(ben)較(jiao)低，廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)小型(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破和(he)(he)掘(jue)進(jin)。由于(yu)導火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)速燃、緩燃等弊病(bing)，在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)事故所(suo)(suo)占比重最大。不能(neng)(neng)多處裝藥(yao)(yao)同時(shi)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，用(yong)(yong)導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)直接起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)包(bao)的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)叫導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。先(xian)用(yong)(yong)雷(lei)管(guan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)，當導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波傳(chuan)至炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)包(bao)時(shi)，將(jiang)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在需(xu)要延時(shi)分段起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)地方(fang)，將(jiang)導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)中(zhong)(zhong)接入(ru)繼(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)，就能(neng)(neng)達到導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)毫秒(miao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。這(zhe)種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破法(fa)(fa)所(suo)(suo)需(xu)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材(cai)料(liao)有：雷(lei)管(guan)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)和(he)(he)繼(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)等。導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)有：串聯、簇并(bing)聯、單(dan)向分段并(bing)聯和(he)(he)雙向分段并(bing)聯等。

專業爆破多向聚能管預裂與光面爆破技術的歷史與現狀：預裂爆破是沿設計開挖邊界布置密集炮孔，采取不耦合裝藥或裝填低威力炸藥，在主爆區之前起爆，從而在爆區與保留區之間形成預裂縫，以減弱主爆破對保留巖體的破壞并形成平整輪廓面的爆破作業。爆破多向聚能管價格光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)沿設(she)(she)(she)計開(kai)挖邊(bian)界布設(she)(she)(she)密集炮(pao)孔，采用(yong)(yong)不耦合(he)裝藥(yao)或裝填低威力炸藥(yao)，在主爆(bao)(bao)區爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)之后起爆(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)以形成平整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)挖輪廓面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作業。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)是(shi)先出現(xian)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，然(ran)后衍生(sheng)發(fa)展(zhan)為預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。聚(ju)能管(guan)國內歷史與現(xian)狀(zhuang)，我國于1964～1965年在湖北陸水水電(dian)站(zhan)施(shi)工中做(zuo)過淺孔預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)試驗，1965年鐵(tie)道部門在成昆鐵(tie)路建設(she)(she)(she)中開(kai)始(shi)試驗光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，1977年在西延線張家船(chuan)工點，全(quan)長(chang)近(jin)200m的(de)(de)(de)(de)2000m2路塹邊(bian)坡全(quan)部采用(yong)(yong)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)后邊(bian)坡平整(zheng)穩(wen)定，殘留的(de)(de)(de)(de)半孔清晰(xi)可見，是(shi)鐵(tie)路建設(she)(she)(she)中采用(yong)(yong)路塹光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。

聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)包由炸(zha)、形(xing)罩(zhao)、隔板、殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)、引信和(he)(he)(he)(he)支架等(deng)部分(fen)組(zu)成，其(qi)作用(yong)(yong)及(ji)對(dui)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)包威力(li)(li)的影響分(fen)述如(ru)下。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管爆破的能(neng)源，炸(zha)的爆壓越(yue)大，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)彈威力(li)(li)越(yue)大；為得(de)到高爆壓，需高爆速、高密度的炸(zha)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)有梯恩(en)梯、8321炸(zha)等(deng)，裝(zhuang)方(fang)法有熔鑄，塑(su)裝(zhuang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)壓裝(zhuang)多種(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的作用(yong)(yong)是把炸(zha)的爆炸(zha)能(neng)轉化成罩(zhao)體(ti)(ti)材(cai)料的射流動(dong)能(neng)，從而提高其(qi)穿透和(he)(he)(he)(he)切(qie)割能(neng)力(li)(li)。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的材(cai)料必須滿足四點要(yao)求，即可(ke)壓縮性小(xiao)、密度高、塑(su)性和(he)(he)(he)(he)延展性好，在(zai)形(xing)成射流中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)汽化。大量試驗證明，用(yong)(yong)紫(zi)銅制作型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)效果好，其(qi)次為鑄鐵、鋼和(he)(he)(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的形(xing)狀多種(zhong)多樣，主要(yao)有軸對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，如(ru)圓錐形(xing)、半球形(xing)、拋物線形(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)喇(la)叭形(xing)等(deng)；面對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常(chang)見的有用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割屬板材(cai)的直線形(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割管材(cai)的環形(xing)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)罩(zhao)兩(liang)種(zhong)；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，這(zhe)種(zhong)球形(xing)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心有球形(xing)空(kong)腔和(he)(he)(he)(he)球形(xing)罩(zhao)，球形(xing)罩(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)，若能(neng)在(zai)瞬間同時(shi)起爆，可(ke)在(zai)空(kong)腔中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心點獲(huo)得(de)極大的能(neng)量集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)工程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的是軸對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)面對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩(liang)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)。