是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽、后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)構(gou)成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為塑性材(cai)料制成，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)小于正(zheng)常炮(pao)眼(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可(ke)隨爆破(po)需(xu)要生產，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩端(duan)(duan)(duan)各有(you)外(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋，兩端(duan)(duan)(duan)外(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋間有(you)一縱(zong)向(xiang)切縫，切縫間等距(ju)有(you)加強筋，前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽呈傘狀(zhuang)，傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)尖有(you)一光孔，兩側直壁(bi)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)螺(luo)紋配合，帽體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)為一封蓋，外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一致(zhi)，后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)(hou)端(duan)(duan)(duan)螺(luo)紋配合。可(ke)根(gen)據炮(pao)眼(yan)深度(du)采用合適的(de)聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不需(xu)其他(ta)工具幫助送入炮(pao)眼(yan)，切縫方向(xiang)準確，兩端(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽和后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮(pao)眼(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一致(zhi)，保證聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心(xin)，定(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確。且(qie)利于工業(ye)化生產，作業(ye)安全

在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)，常(chang)用(yong)的(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而(er)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)器(qi)材有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)連(lian)接(jie)形(xing)式，要根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)規模、工程的(de)重要性、所選起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其(qi)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力等(deng)(deng)(deng)進行選擇，基(ji)本連(lian)接(jie)方(fang)式有(you)：串(chuan)聯、并聯、串(chuan)并聯和并串(chuan)聯等(deng)(deng)(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)較安全、可靠、準(zhun)確、高(gao)(gao)效等(deng)(deng)(deng)優點，在(zai)國內外仍(reng)占有(you)較大比重。在(zai)大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)，主要仍(reng)是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是在(zai)有(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要的(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)干擾(rao)而(er)發(fa)生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此(ci)在(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環境中(zhong)，不能使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)。

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在(zai)周邊(bian)眼單循(xun)環火工品使用(yong)(yong)量(liang)上節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)眼鉆孔數量(liang)從39個下降為23個費用(yong)(yong)節(jie)約(yue)41%，混(hun)凝土噴(pen)射每(mei)延米節(jie)約(yue)1.37立方(fang)米。水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每(mei)循(xun)環節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)258.4元(yuan)，即每(mei)延米節(jie)約(yue)76較元(yuan)，節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)比例(li)達32%。此外，聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能(neng)有效(xiao)降低隧(sui)道內石渣塊(kuai)度和(he)粉塵含量(liang)，還可(ke)使通(tong)風時間(jian)有效(xiao)縮短(duan)33%。聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工藝技術(shu)很(hen)成熟、可(ke)操(cao)作(zuo)性很(hen)強、材料(liao)成本很(hen)低、施工速度很(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)環保效(xiao)果很(hen)顯著、經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)社(she)會(hui)效(xiao)益(yi)很(hen)高。聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)定(ding)(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)是(shi)近幾年(nian)發(fa)(fa)展起來的(de)一(yi)項掘(jue)進(jin)新技術(shu),這種爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)與(yu)傳統(tong)的(de)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)有一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)差別,聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)定(ding)(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)原(yuan)理是(shi)在(zai)巷道周邊(bian)眼中,將炸裝在(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時利用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),以減少裂(lie)隙(xi)(xi)的(de)數量(liang)和(he)控制優勢裂(lie)隙(xi)(xi)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展方(fang)向(xiang)。

專業礦用型聚能管水壓光面爆破技術，是在水壓光面爆破技術基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，其掏槽眼、輔助眼裝藥結構和爆破方式與水壓光面爆破相同，但在周邊眼中安裝專用聚能管裝置替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線，利用聚能管產生的粒子射流動能、高壓爆破氣體應力及“氣楔”作用，形成平整圓順的開挖輪廓面，對控制超欠挖具有良好效果，有效提升了隧道施工質量、進度和經濟效益。汕頭礦用型聚能管科學合理(li)地利用能(neng)源(yuan)，提(ti)高能(neng)源(yuan)利用效(xiao)率，對節能(neng)減排(pai)也十分重(zhong)要。利用聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管兩端的水(shui)平開(kai)出的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽產(chan)生(sheng)的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)射流效(xiao)應對巖(yan)石進行破(po)碎。據(ju)專家測算，由于聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管兩端聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽產(chan)生(sheng)的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)切割效(xiao)應，其能(neng)效(xiao)比提(ti)升一(yi)個量級(ji)。

預裂與(yu)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術的(de)歷史(shi)與(yu)現(xian)(xian)狀：預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是沿(yan)設(she)(she)計開(kai)挖(wa)邊(bian)界(jie)布置密集炮孔(kong)，采(cai)取不耦(ou)合裝(zhuang)(zhuang)藥或裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填低(di)威力(li)炸藥，在(zai)(zai)主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)(qu)之前起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而在(zai)(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)(qu)與(yu)保留(liu)區(qu)(qu)之間形成(cheng)預裂縫，以減(jian)弱主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)對保留(liu)巖體(ti)的(de)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)壞并(bing)形成(cheng)平整輪廓(kuo)面(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業。光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是沿(yan)設(she)(she)計開(kai)挖(wa)邊(bian)界(jie)布設(she)(she)密集炮孔(kong)，采(cai)用不耦(ou)合裝(zhuang)(zhuang)藥或裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填低(di)威力(li)炸藥，在(zai)(zai)主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)(qu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)之后(hou)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)以形成(cheng)平整的(de)開(kai)挖(wa)輪廓(kuo)面(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術的(de)發展是先出現(xian)(xian)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，然后(hou)衍生發展為預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。聚能管(guan)國內歷史(shi)與(yu)現(xian)(xian)狀，我國于1964～1965年(nian)在(zai)(zai)湖(hu)北陸水(shui)水(shui)電站施工(gong)中(zhong)做過淺孔(kong)預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)試驗(yan)，1965年(nian)鐵道部(bu)門在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)昆鐵路(lu)建設(she)(she)中(zhong)開(kai)始試驗(yan)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，1977年(nian)在(zai)(zai)西(xi)延線張家船工(gong)點，全(quan)長近200m的(de)2000m2路(lu)塹(qian)邊(bian)坡(po)全(quan)部(bu)采(cai)用光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)后(hou)邊(bian)坡(po)平整穩定，殘(can)留(liu)的(de)半(ban)孔(kong)清晰可見，是鐵路(lu)建設(she)(she)中(zhong)采(cai)用路(lu)塹(qian)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。

水壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)是在炮(pao)(pao)孔兩(liang)端填充水袋(dai)，中間裝上(shang)乳(ru)化炸(zha)，炮(pao)(pao)孔再用炮(pao)(pao)泥封死，炮(pao)(pao)孔間距很(hen)大，兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)炮(pao)(pao)空之間相距了一(yi)(yi)(yi)米左右，是常(chang)規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)炮(pao)(pao)孔間距的(de)(de)兩(liang)倍，這樣可以(yi)節(jie)(jie)省炮(pao)(pao)孔材料，這兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)凹(ao)槽又稱為聚(ju)能槽，聚(ju)能槽非常(chang)重要，放置(zhi)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)和方向都十分(fen)講(jiang)究(jiu)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)點也不能出錯，在爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)瞬間，高溫高壓(ya)(ya)聚(ju)能射流(liu)立即往凹(ao)槽兩(liang)邊的(de)(de)巖石(shi)進行(xing)切割，巖石(shi)如同豆腐一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣輕松被切割切割出來的(de)(de)輪廓線(xian)十分(fen)平順(shun)，效果極好，聚(ju)能水壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)中的(de)(de)水袋(dai)沒有降(jiang)低(di)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)效果，反而能保護隧(sui)道周邊植被，減少地質擾動，降(jiang)低(di)煙塵，重要的(de)(de)是節(jie)(jie)省炸(zha)成本，在未來這項技術(shu)會廣泛應用于工程(cheng)中，降(jiang)低(di)施工成本。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能管水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)較水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)，在周邊眼(yan)(yan)單循環火工品使用量上(shang)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費(fei)用8.3%，周邊眼(yan)(yan)鉆孔數量從39個(ge)(ge)下降(jiang)為23個(ge)(ge)費(fei)用節(jie)(jie)約(yue)41%，混凝土(tu)噴射每延(yan)米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)1.37立方米。