專業雙向爆破聚能管聚能包由炸、形罩、隔板、殼體、引信和支架等部分組成，其作用及對聚能包威力的影響分述如下。1．炸，炸是聚能管爆破的能源，炸的爆壓越大，聚能彈威力越大；為得到高爆壓，需高爆速、高密度的炸。常用炸有梯恩梯、8321炸等，裝方法有熔鑄，塑裝和壓裝多種。2．型罩，型罩的作用是把炸的爆炸能轉化成罩體材料的射流動能，從而提高其穿透和切割能力。雙向爆破聚能管價格型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)材(cai)料必須滿足四點要求，即可(ke)壓(ya)縮性(xing)小、密度高、塑(su)性(xing)和(he)(he)延展性(xing)好，在形(xing)(xing)成射流(liu)中(zhong)不汽化(hua)。大量試驗證明，用(yong)紫銅制作型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)效果好，其次為鑄(zhu)鐵、鋼和(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)多樣，主要有軸對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)，如圓(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)喇叭(ba)形(xing)(xing)等；面對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)，常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)有用(yong)于切(qie)割屬板材(cai)的(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)用(yong)于切(qie)割管材(cai)的(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)聚能罩(zhao)兩種(zhong)；中(zhong)心(xin)對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)聚能包，中(zhong)心(xin)有球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)(he)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)外敷設炸，若能在瞬間同時(shi)起爆(bao)，可(ke)在空腔中(zhong)心(xin)點獲得極大的(de)(de)能量集(ji)中(zhong)。在工程中(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)是軸對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)面對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)兩類(lei)型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)。

的(de)(de)軍事應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)：聚能(neng)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術，早(zao)在二次世界大戰(zhan)期間就(jiu)在軍事方面(mian)廣泛應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)。國內在聚能(neng)破(po)甲技(ji)(ji)(ji)術如大錐(zhui)角反艦導彈戰(zhan)斗部(bu)和(he)大錐(zhui)角反坦克地雷以及(ji)敏感彈戰(zhan)斗部(bu)等方面(mian)取得了(le)(le)較為快速(su)的(de)(de)發展，我(wo)國20世紀(ji)60年代打(da)破(po)國外技(ji)(ji)(ji)術封鎖獨(du)立自主研發成功原子彈就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)得力(li)于聚能(neng)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術轟擊核(he)裝(zhuang)置而引爆(bao)原子彈。的(de)(de)民爆(bao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)——切(qie)槽爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術：聚能(neng)爆(bao)破(po)用(yong)于工(gong)程建設也是(shi)(shi)20世紀(ji)60年代開始的(de)(de)，首先是(shi)(shi)瑞典的(de)(de)U﹒Langefors提出(chu)孔(kong)壁(bi)切(qie)槽爆(bao)破(po)利用(yong)槽口(kou)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)集(ji)中(zhong)定向開裂的(de)(de)設想，后經W﹒L﹒Fourney驗(yan)證是(shi)(shi)有效的(de)(de)。70年代國外廣泛研究(jiu)和(he)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)了(le)(le)切(qie)槽爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術。

是(shi)將炸藥裝在(zai)(zai)聚能管內，兩(liang)頭均放置了水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋，聚能管爆(bao)炸產生的(de)高溫高壓射流(liu)，讓水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋產生“水(shui)(shui)(shui)楔(xie)”效應,使圍巖(yan)裂縫加劇延伸擴展(zhan)。它(ta)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破基礎(chu)上(shang)發(fa)展(zhan)起(qi)來的(de)一項新技術，區別只是(shi)在(zai)(zai)周邊(bian)眼中安裝專(zhuan)用(yong)線性(xing)聚能藥管替代(dai)常規爆(bao)破藥卷(juan)和傳(chuan)爆(bao)線，只要做(zuo)到(dao)七(qi)大關鍵環節：水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋挺拔飽滿、炮(pao)泥(ni)軟硬適中、水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋裝填到(dao)底(di)、炮(pao)泥(ni)回填到(dao)口、木(mu)棍逐節搗固、水(shui)(shui)(shui)藥緊密相(xiang)連、槽面必須(xu)平行，就(jiu)能對控制(zhi)超(chao)欠挖起(qi)到(dao)良好效果(guo)。在(zai)(zai)推廣(guang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓爆(bao)破的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)，去年9月，水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓聚能爆(bao)破的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)上(shang)，今年更為(wei)深入地(di)在(zai)(zai)興泉鐵(tie)路大嶺隧道、牡佳鐵(tie)路麻山隧道采用(yong)了此(ci)項技術，積累了成(cheng)(cheng)功經驗。

不(bu)成(cheng)功的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)例(li)是(shi)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如爆(bao)(bao)(bao)而不(bu)倒、實施(shi)(shi)(shi)定向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)后沒有(you)按爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方(fang)(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)倒塌等等。這些事(shi)例(li)警示:從爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)計、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)器材(cai)質量、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工到(dao)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路連(lian)接等，只要(yao)有(you)一(yi)個環(huan)節出(chu)現(xian)失誤，都(dou)將影響爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果，乃至(zhi)造(zao)成(cheng)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)后果。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作(zuo)業(ye)無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)老舊建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)本身還是(shi)周圍環(huan)境都(dou)十分(fen)復雜，這不(bu)僅要(yao)求(qiu)認真調查(cha)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(包括施(shi)(shi)(shi)工缺(que)陷)，分(fen)析受(shou)力狀況，同時還要(yao)對(dui)采取技(ji)(ji)術措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(如預處理、嵌(qian)補、支(zhi)撐等)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠和(he)安全性(xing)進行分(fen)析，對(dui)可(ke)能出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意外(wai)情況，應(ying)預先制定應(ying)急方(fang)(fang)案，努力避免(mian)安全事(shi)故(gu)和(he)不(bu)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失。工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)保(bao)(bao)性(xing)越來越受(shou)到(dao)人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注，同時，探索無(wu)公害的(de)(de)(de)(de)拆除爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術，一(yi)直(zhi)是(shi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工作(zuo)者(zhe)追(zhui)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)。設(she)立掩蔽體(ti)對(dui)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)加以(yi)保(bao)(bao)護，簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)法是(shi)用草袋、竹笆(ba)一(yi)類材(cai)料覆蓋在需要(yao)保(bao)(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)上面;對(dui)房屋(wu)和(he)機器設(she)備常要(yao)在迎(ying)面和(he)頂部豎立排架，用木(mu)板或荊笆(ba)上罩鐵絲網(wang)，抵(di)御較(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)飛石和(he)較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣沖(chong)擊波的(de)(de)(de)(de)打擊;對(dui)某些重要(yao)工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)打防震(zhen)孔或者(zhe)用預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)將爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)區(qu)和(he)被保(bao)(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)或工程設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)隔離開(kai)來。

各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器材(cai)銷毀以及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器材(cai)意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時(shi)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)源(yuan)與(yu)人員(yuan)和其他保護對象(xiang)之間(jian)的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)稱(cheng)為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)應(ying)取各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)效應(ying)（地震、沖擊(ji)波(bo)、飛(fei)(fei)石、有(you)毒(du)氣體等）分(fen)別核(he)定(ding)的大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)時(shi)，必(bi)(bi)然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地震、空氣沖擊(ji)波(bo)、碎(sui)石飛(fei)(fei)散及(ji)有(you)害(hai)氣體，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)設計時(shi)必(bi)(bi)須確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)危(wei)害(hai)范(fan)圍(wei)，并確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附近人員(yuan)、設備、建筑(zhu)物(wu)及(ji)井巷(xiang)等的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，這一(yi)段距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就(jiu)稱(cheng)為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。如何控制好這段距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就(jiu)顯的尤為(wei)重要。為(wei)保證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地點(dian)與(yu)人員(yuan)或(huo)其他應(ying)保護對象(xiang)之間(jian)必(bi)(bi)須保持短的相隔長度(du)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)效應(ying)隨(sui)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)的增加有(you)規(gui)律(lv)地衰減，用距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)作(zuo)為(wei)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)尺(chi)度(du)可限(xian)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)效應(ying)在允許限(xian)度(du)之內(nei)。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)程》規(gui)定(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地震安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，個別飛(fei)(fei)散物(wu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，以及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊(ji)波(bo)的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。

在工(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導火(huo)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能使(shi)(shi)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)(de)器材有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)(guan)、導線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接形式，要根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)重要性(xing)、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等(deng)進行選擇，基(ji)本(ben)連(lian)接方(fang)式有：串(chuan)聯、并(bing)聯、串(chuan)并(bing)聯和并(bing)串(chuan)聯等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具(ju)有較安全、可靠、準(zhun)確、高(gao)效(xiao)等(deng)優點(dian)，在國(guo)內外仍占有較大比重。在大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，主要仍是(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是(shi)在有瓦斯、礦塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易受各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的(de)(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓(ya)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中(zhong)，不能使(shi)(shi)用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)(guan)。