在工程爆破中，爆破聚能管廠家常用的起爆方法有：電力起爆法、導火索起爆法、導爆索起爆法、導爆管起爆法。電力起爆法是利用電能使雷管爆炸，進而起爆炸藥的起爆芳法。它所需的器材有：電雷管、導線和起爆電源。電爆網路的連接形式，要根據爆破方法、爆破規模、工程的重要性、所選起爆電源及其起爆能力等進行選擇，東莞爆破聚能管基本連接(jie)方式(shi)有(you)(you)：串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串(chuan)(chuan)并(bing)聯(lian)和并(bing)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)等。電(dian)力(li)(li)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法具有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)安全(quan)、可靠、準確(que)、高效等優點，在(zai)(zai)國內外仍占有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)大比重(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)大、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，主(zhu)要仍是用(yong)電(dian)力(li)(li)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)瓦(wa)斯、礦塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的環境(jing)中，電(dian)力(li)(li)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主(zhu)要的起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法。但(dan)電(dian)力(li)(li)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)信號的干擾而發生(sheng)早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)雜(za)散電(dian)、靜電(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)、射頻電(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)的環境(jing)中，不能使用(yong)普通電(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。

的(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)事應(ying)用(yong)：聚能爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術，早在二次世(shi)界大(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)期間(jian)就在軍(jun)事方(fang)面廣泛應(ying)用(yong)。國(guo)(guo)內在聚能破(po)(po)(po)(po)甲技(ji)術如大(da)錐角反艦(jian)導彈(dan)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)部(bu)和大(da)錐角反坦克地雷以及敏(min)感(gan)彈(dan)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)部(bu)等(deng)方(fang)面取(qu)得(de)了較(jiao)為快(kuai)速的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，我國(guo)(guo)20世(shi)紀(ji)60年代(dai)打破(po)(po)(po)(po)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)技(ji)術封(feng)鎖獨立自主研(yan)發成功原子彈(dan)就是得(de)力于聚能爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術轟擊核裝置而引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)原子彈(dan)。的(de)(de)(de)民爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)應(ying)用(yong)——切(qie)(qie)槽爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術：聚能爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)用(yong)于工(gong)程(cheng)建設也是20世(shi)紀(ji)60年代(dai)開(kai)始的(de)(de)(de)，首(shou)先是瑞(rui)典的(de)(de)(de)U﹒Langefors提出孔(kong)壁切(qie)(qie)槽爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)利用(yong)槽口應(ying)力集中定向開(kai)裂的(de)(de)(de)設想，后經(jing)W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是有效的(de)(de)(de)。70年代(dai)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)廣泛研(yan)究和應(ying)用(yong)了切(qie)(qie)槽爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術。

發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)巨大效力(li)的(de)關鍵又在其(qi)上面的(de)“聚能(neng)槽(cao)”上。項(xiang)目(mu)部目(mu)前采用的(de)聚能(neng)管有兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)“聚能(neng)槽(cao)”，通過(guo)(guo)這兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)聚能(neng)槽(cao)的(de)作用讓爆炸的(de)威力(li)在隧道中(zhong)(zhong)切割出十(shi)分(fen)平順(shun)的(de)輪(lun)廓線，的(de)控制了(le)(le)爆破(po)量，有效管控了(le)(le)超(chao)挖欠挖的(de)現象。為(wei)了(le)(le)進一步嚴格(ge)控制開挖輪(lun)廓，達(da)到(dao)提(ti)高光(guang)面爆破(po)效果的(de)目(mu)的(de)，并研(yan)究出了(le)(le)聚能(neng)管上兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)“聚能(neng)槽(cao)”變為(wei)三個(ge)(ge)(ge)“聚能(neng)槽(cao)”的(de)發(fa)(fa)明設計，目(mu)前，該(gai)發(fa)(fa)明設計已經(jing)(jing)(jing)進入(ru)到(dao)了(le)(le)試生產階段。未來，三“聚能(neng)槽(cao)”設計的(de)聚能(neng)水壓爆破(po)技(ji)術(shu)將(jiang)推動中(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)十(shi)四局(ju)四公司(si)張(zhang)吉懷鐵(tie)路(lu)項(xiang)目(mu)部施工(gong)開展(zhan)(zhan)邁上一個(ge)(ge)(ge)新的(de)臺(tai)階，給項(xiang)目(mu)部帶來巨大的(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟效益。工(gong)程爆破(po)技(ji)術(shu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)幾十(shi)年(nian)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，已經(jing)(jing)(jing)滲透到(dao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟建(jian)設的(de)眾多領域(yu)，特別(bie)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)設、礦山開采、城市拆(chai)舊定向爆破(po)等做出了(le)(le)重要貢獻。

是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前(qian)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)、后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵構成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為塑性材料制成(cheng)，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)小于(yu)正常炮眼(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，長(chang)度(du)可隨(sui)爆(bao)破(po)需(xu)(xu)要生產，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩端(duan)各有外(wai)螺紋(wen)(wen)，兩端(duan)外(wai)螺紋(wen)(wen)間有一(yi)縱向切(qie)縫，切(qie)縫間等(deng)距有加強筋，前(qian)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)呈傘狀，傘形(xing)(xing)尖有一(yi)光孔，兩側(ce)直(zhi)壁內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有螺紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)端(duan)螺紋(wen)(wen)配合，帽(mao)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵為一(yi)封蓋，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前(qian)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致(zhi)，后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有螺紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)(hou)端(duan)螺紋(wen)(wen)配合。可根據(ju)炮眼(yan)深(shen)度(du)采用合適(shi)的聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不需(xu)(xu)其他工(gong)具幫助送入炮眼(yan)，切(qie)縫方向準確，兩端(duan)的前(qian)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)和后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮眼(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致(zhi)，保證聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向準確。且利于(yu)工(gong)業化生產，作業安全

聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)由炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔板、殼體、引(yin)信和(he)支架等(deng)部分(fen)組成，其作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)及(ji)對(dui)(dui)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)威力的(de)影(ying)響分(fen)述如(ru)下。1．炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)是聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)破的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)爆(bao)壓(ya)越(yue)大，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威力越(yue)大；為得到高(gao)爆(bao)壓(ya)，需(xu)高(gao)爆(bao)速(su)、高(gao)密(mi)度(du)的(de)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)有(you)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)、8321炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)等(deng)，裝方法有(you)熔(rong)鑄，塑(su)裝和(he)壓(ya)裝多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是把炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化成罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體材(cai)料的(de)射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高(gao)其穿(chuan)透和(he)切割(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)材(cai)料必須滿足(zu)四點要求，即可壓(ya)縮(suo)性(xing)小、密(mi)度(du)高(gao)、塑(su)性(xing)和(he)延展性(xing)好，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成射流中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)汽化。大量試驗證明，用(yong)(yong)紫銅制作(zuo)型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果好，其次(ci)為鑄鐵、鋼和(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣，主(zhu)要有(you)軸對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，如(ru)圓(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物(wu)線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)；面(mian)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，常(chang)見的(de)有(you)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切割(ge)屬板材(cai)的(de)直(zhi)線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切割(ge)管材(cai)的(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；中(zhong)(zhong)心對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)，中(zhong)(zhong)心有(you)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外敷設(she)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間同時起爆(bao)，可在(zai)空腔中(zhong)(zhong)心點獲得極大的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)工程中(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)是軸對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)和(he)面(mian)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)兩(liang)類型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。