各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)銷毀(hui)以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)意(yi)外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)源與人(ren)員和其(qi)他(ta)保(bao)(bao)護對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)稱為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)應取各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)效(xiao)應（地震、沖擊波、飛(fei)(fei)石、有毒氣(qi)體(ti)等(deng)）分別核定的(de)(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)時，必然產生(sheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地震、空氣(qi)沖擊波、碎石飛(fei)(fei)散(san)及有害氣(qi)體(ti)，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)設計(ji)時必須確(que)定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)危害范圍，并確(que)定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附近人(ren)員、設備、建筑物及井巷等(deng)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)，這(zhe)(zhe)一段(duan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)就(jiu)稱為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)。如何控(kong)制好這(zhe)(zhe)段(duan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)就(jiu)顯的(de)(de)尤為重要。為保(bao)(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地點(dian)與人(ren)員或其(qi)他(ta)應保(bao)(bao)護對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)之(zhi)間必須保(bao)(bao)持短(duan)的(de)(de)相(xiang)隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有害效(xiao)應隨距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)的(de)(de)增(zeng)加有規(gui)律地衰減，用(yong)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)作為安(an)全(quan)尺度可限(xian)(xian)定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有害效(xiao)應在允許限(xian)(xian)度之(zhi)內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)規(gui)程》規(gui)定了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地震安(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)，個別飛(fei)(fei)散(san)物安(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)，以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)沖擊波的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)。

在建造隧道的時候，人們首先想到的個方式，就是使用爆破技術，專業深孔爆破聚能管開山挖隧道修路，常規爆破技術需要使用數以噸計的炸，炸的威力十分巨大，但是在炸完之后，空氣中全是煙塵，根本無法進入，另外常規爆破炸出來的輪廓線凹凸不平，后期常常需要工人進一步修補輪廓線才能進行下一道工序，耗時耗力，那么有沒有其他的方式比常規爆破技術更好呢？2018年3月，央視報道了一場隧道爆破對比實驗，實驗采用兩種爆破技術，滴喲中是使用炸的常規爆破技術，第二種則是國人新發明的聚能水壓光面爆破技術，隨著聲聲巨響，這場對比試驗的結果超乎所有人的意料，宿州深孔爆破聚能管聚能(neng)水壓爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)的爆(bao)炸(zha)效果更好，而且爆(bao)破(po)產(chan)生的水霧能(neng)將(jiang)煙(yan)塵(chen)覆蓋，起到降(jiang)塵(chen)的作用(yong)，這項爆(bao)破(po)新方式得(de)到了觀(guan)眾們的認可(ke)。

水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破技術(shu)(shu)在隧(sui)道(dao)掘進(jin)作(zuo)(zuo)業中的實際應用。提升光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破水(shui)平、嚴抓隧(sui)道(dao)超挖管(guan)控進(jin)行了介(jie)紹(shao)。聚能水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)技術(shu)(shu)很(hen)成熟(shu)、可操作(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)很(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)低、施工(gong)速(su)度很(hen)快(kuai)、節能環保效果很(hen)顯(xian)著、經(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)社會(hui)效益(yi)很(hen)高(gao)。一(yi)是要(yao)(yao)提高(gao)對(dui)推廣(guang)該(gai)項技術(shu)(shu)重要(yao)(yao)性(xing)和(he)必然性(xing)的認識(shi);二是要(yao)(yao)樹立(li)必須(xu)采取聚能水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破的意識(shi);三(san)是要(yao)(yao)堅持(chi)培訓、示范、監督(du)“三(san)位一(yi)體(ti)”;四是要(yao)(yao)制定(ding)切實的獎懲制度;五是要(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)立(li)檢查監督(du)機制，持(chi)續促進(jin)該(gai)項技術(shu)(shu)的深入推廣(guang)。在隧(sui)道(dao)施工(gong)的現(xian)場管(guan)理、科技創(chuang)新、人才培養(yang)、經(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)等方面(mian)的不(bu)足。建(jian)(jian)議對(dui)施工(gong)一(yi)線基礎技術(shu)(shu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)扎實推進(jin);對(dui)新工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、先(xian)進(jin)工(gong)法要(yao)(yao)深入學習鉆研;對(dui)消極懈怠、故步自封的思想要(yao)(yao)堅決抵制。

我國于1983年制(zhi)定(ding)了《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)巖行基礎(chu)(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)利水(shui)電建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成為必須進(jin)行的保護邊坡(po)(po)質(zhi)量(liang)的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開挖(wa)技術措施(shi)(shi)。此后在(zai)(zai)此基礎(chu)(chu)上(shang)修訂的《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)巖石基礎(chu)(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及在(zai)(zai)《水(shui)電水(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)巖石基礎(chu)(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均(jun)被編(bian)入(ru)并有(you)所改進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)修編(bian)為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)(tie)道部(bu)也不僅(jin)規(gui)定(ding)了凡是Ⅲ級以上(shang)的巖石邊坡(po)(po)，設(she)計邊坡(po)(po)坡(po)(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)邊坡(po)(po)部(bu)位的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)計和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都(dou)應采用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并闡(chan)述了光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術設(she)計的原則和(he)參數(shu)、安全措施(shi)(shi)，而(er)且還明確了路塹邊坡(po)(po)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項目質(zhi)量(liang)驗收檢(jian)測數(shu)量(liang)和(he)檢(jian)測方法。無疑該規(gui)程(cheng)的實(shi)施(shi)(shi)，有(you)力(li)地推動和(he)促進(jin)了光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術在(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)路建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)的應用(yong)與(yu)發(fa)展。

施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝嚴格(ge)遵循六字方針(掛(gua)滿(man)、貼(tie)緊、對準)：(1)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)質量,炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)必須按技術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求合(he)理布置。(2)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)掏槽眼(yan)(yan)(yan)以及其他眼(yan)(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)的打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)質量,一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)在規(gui)定(ding)位(wei)置上打眼(yan)(yan)(yan);二要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)深度和(he)角(jiao)度。(3)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)時,要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)乳化炸藥(yao)在聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)空內壁中(zhong)(zhong)填充飽滿(man)不(bu)得有(you)空隙(xi)出現時以產(chan)生拒爆。(4)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)在炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)裝(zhuang)填時,要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的兩條聚能(neng)(neng)槽指向巷道輪廓(kuo)線(xian)方向并(bing)且各(ge)個炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的聚能(neng)(neng)槽軸線(xian)方面要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)相互連接在隧道輪廓(kuo)線(xian)上。否則成型效果不(bu)僅不(bu)好(hao),反而更差。(5)保(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)堵(du)塞質量。(6)放(fang)炮(pao)(pao)員應提(ti)前按規(gui)定(ding)裝(zhuang)好(hao)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的炸藥(yao),并(bing)做(zuo)好(hao)準備工(gong)作。試用范圍:一(yi)級(ji)至五級(ji)圍巖(yan)的光面爆破工(gong)程。