施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)嚴格遵循六字(zi)方針(zhen)(掛滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)炮眼(yan)(yan)打(da)(da)(da)眼(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量(liang),炮眼(yan)(yan)必(bi)須按技術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求合(he)理布置。(2)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)掏槽(cao)眼(yan)(yan)以及其他眼(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)的(de)打(da)(da)(da)眼(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量(liang),一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)在規定(ding)位(wei)置上(shang)打(da)(da)(da)眼(yan)(yan);二(er)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)炮眼(yan)(yan)深度(du)和角(jiao)度(du)。(3)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)(yao)時,要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)乳化炸藥(yao)(yao)在聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)空(kong)內壁中(zhong)填(tian)充飽滿不得(de)有空(kong)隙出現時以產生拒爆(bao)。(4)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)在炮眼(yan)(yan)中(zhong)裝(zhuang)填(tian)時,要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)兩條聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)指向(xiang)(xiang)巷(xiang)道輪廓線方向(xiang)(xiang)并(bing)(bing)且各(ge)個炮眼(yan)(yan)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)軸(zhou)線方面要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)相互連(lian)接在隧道輪廓線上(shang)。否則成(cheng)型(xing)效果(guo)不僅不好,反而更差。(5)保證(zheng)炮眼(yan)(yan)堵塞質(zhi)量(liang)。(6)放炮員應(ying)提前按規定(ding)裝(zhuang)好聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)炸藥(yao)(yao),并(bing)(bing)做好準備工(gong)作。試(shi)用范圍(wei):一級至五級圍(wei)巖的(de)光面爆(bao)破工(gong)程。

在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，常用(yong)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷(lei)(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)(fa)。它(ta)所需(xu)的(de)器(qi)材有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管、導線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)連接形式，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工(gong)(gong)程的(de)重(zhong)要性(xing)、所選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等進行(xing)選(xuan)擇(ze)，基本連接方式有：串聯、并聯、串并聯和并串聯等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有較安全、可靠、準確、高效等優(you)點，在(zai)(zai)國(guo)內外仍占有較大比重(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主(zhu)要仍是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是在(zai)(zai)有瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)環境(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主(zhu)要的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)干(gan)擾而發生(sheng)早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此(ci)在(zai)(zai)有雜散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環境(jing)中(zhong)，不能使用(yong)普(pu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管。

臨沂爆破聚能管發揮巨大效力的關鍵又在其上面的“聚能槽”上。項目部目前采用的聚能管有兩個“聚能槽”，通過這兩個聚能槽的作用讓爆炸的威力在隧道中切割出十分平順的輪廓線，的控制了爆破量，有效管控了超挖欠挖的現象。為了進一步嚴格控制開挖輪廓，達到提高光面爆破效果的目的，并研究出了聚能管上兩個“聚能槽”變為三個“聚能槽”的發明設計，目前，爆破聚能管公司該發明設計(ji)已(yi)經(jing)進入到(dao)了試生產階段。未來，三“聚能(neng)槽(cao)”設計(ji)的聚能(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)爆破技(ji)術(shu)將推(tui)動(dong)中鐵十(shi)四局四公司(si)張吉懷(huai)鐵路項(xiang)目(mu)部施工(gong)開展邁上一個新(xin)的臺階，給項(xiang)目(mu)部帶來巨大的經(jing)濟(ji)效益。工(gong)程爆破技(ji)術(shu)經(jing)過幾十(shi)年的發展，已(yi)經(jing)滲透到(dao)經(jing)濟(ji)建設的眾多領域，特別(bie)為中國的鐵路建設、礦山開采、城市拆舊定(ding)向(xiang)爆破等(deng)做出了重要貢獻。

施工因(yin)其復(fu)雜(za)性、專(zhuan)業(ye)性、危險性，稍有不(bu)慎，將對人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)生(sheng)命財(cai)產安(an)全造成不(bu)可(ke)(ke)估量(liang)的(de)(de)損(sun)失，例如廣東宏大寧夏“10.16”、山東保利“5.20”等重(zhong)大安(an)全事故。因(yin)此，相(xiang)較其他行業(ye)，國家(jia)出臺的(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)律法(fa)規多、專(zhuan)、嚴，從(cong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破材料(liao)（炸(zha)藥、雷管、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索?管?及(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)材料(liao)）的(de)(de)生(sheng)產、購進(jin)、運輸、儲存、發放、布網、連接(jie)、起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、排爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)等一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列程序(xu)均有嚴格的(de)(de)法(fa)律規定和(he)科學的(de)(de)操作(zuo)規程，并且相(xiang)關(guan)從(cong)業(ye)單位(wei)和(he)人(ren)員(yuan)均應(ying)取得相(xiang)應(ying)資質。做為(wei)各類(lei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)或(huo)(huo)缺的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)導線(xian)(xian)(xian)，特別不(bu)同于一(yi)(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)纜(lan)，其質量(liang)要求及(ji)各項技(ji)術參(can)數也與普通電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)纜(lan)不(bu)同。部分家(jia)庭作(zuo)坊式的(de)(de)電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)纜(lan)廠無科學的(de)(de)生(sheng)產工藝、無基(ji)本的(de)(de)檢測設備(bei)、無專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)技(ji)術人(ren)員(yuan)，甚至不(bu)知道(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)質量(liang)要求和(he)技(ji)術參(can)數，更(geng)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)能制訂(ding)自己(ji)的(de)(de)企業(ye)標準(zhun)，僅憑簡陋的(de)(de)設備(bei)、以粗糙的(de)(de)模(mo)仿進(jin)行生(sheng)產經營活(huo)動(dong)，致(zhi)使市場充斥著(zhu)假冒偽劣產品，導致(zhi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)提(ti)前或(huo)(huo)延遲(chi)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、盲炮增加(jia)且強制排爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)困難，給人(ren)身(shen)安(an)全和(he)財(cai)產以及(ji)正(zheng)常的(de)(de)生(sheng)產經營活(huo)動(dong)造成了不(bu)可(ke)(ke)估量(liang)的(de)(de)損(sun)失。

我國于1983年(nian)制定了《水工(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物巖(yan)行基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此(ci)，在水利水電建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)預裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已成為必須進(jin)(jin)行的(de)保護(hu)邊(bian)坡(po)質量的(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)技(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)(cuo)施。此(ci)后在此(ci)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)上(shang)修訂(ding)的(de)《水工(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物巖(yan)石基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范》(SL 47一1994)以(yi)及(ji)在《水電水利爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物巖(yan)石基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均被編(bian)入并有(you)所改(gai)進(jin)(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編(bian)為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道(dao)部也不(bu)僅規(gui)定了凡(fan)是(shi)Ⅲ級以(yi)上(shang)的(de)巖(yan)石邊(bian)坡(po)，設(she)計(ji)邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度(du)為1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)坡(po)部位的(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)和施工(gong)都應(ying)采(cai)用光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或預裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，并闡述了光面(mian)(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)設(she)計(ji)的(de)原(yuan)則和參數、安(an)全措(cuo)(cuo)施，而且還明確了路(lu)塹(qian)邊(bian)坡(po)光面(mian)(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項目質量驗收檢測數量和檢測方法。無疑該規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)實施，有(you)力(li)地推動(dong)和促進(jin)(jin)了光面(mian)(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)在鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)的(de)應(ying)用與(yu)發展。

光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技術優(you)勢：相對(dui)于傳統(tong)爆(bao)破(po)(po)工藝，聚能管(guan)(guan)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)比(bi)常(chang)規爆(bao)破(po)(po)具有以(yi)(yi)下優(you)勢∶少(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)，少(shao)(shao)裝藥。節(jie)約(yue)周邊鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)量50%，總鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)進尺減少(shao)(shao)30%；節(jie)約(yue)炸藥10～20%，雷管(guan)(guan)30%。節(jie)約(yue)噴(pen)漿料15-20%。節(jie)省時間(jian)∶每(mei)循(xun)環鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)、裝藥、噴(pen)漿時間(jian)1.5-2.0小(xiao)時。在(zai)安(an)全方(fang)面(mian)(mian)利用水沙袋替代(dai)炮泥，以(yi)(yi)避免(mian)搗炮泥損毀電雷管(guan)(guan)導線，造成瞎炮。大(da)大(da)減少(shao)(shao)對(dui)圍巖(yan)擾動，光(guang)面(mian)(mian)效(xiao)果好(hao)，巖(yan)性條件差情(qing)況(kuang)下可以(yi)(yi)大(da)大(da)減少(shao)(shao)超挖(wa)量，控制巷道成型(xing)(xing)；巖(yan)性完整無節(jie)理情(qing)況(kuang)下眼(yan)痕率可以(yi)(yi)達到90%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，巷道成型(xing)(xing)好(hao)，穩定性強。布孔(kong)(kong)方(fang)式優(you)化(hua)成多(duo)排掏(tao)槽布孔(kong)(kong)，單次掘進深度(du)可以(yi)(yi)優(you)化(hua)提高10%到15%不等。由于炮孔(kong)(kong)數量大(da)大(da)減少(shao)(shao)可以(yi)(yi)考慮一起全斷面(mian)(mian)起爆(bao)，節(jie)省放炮時間(jian)。