光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破技術(shu)優(you)(you)勢：相對于(yu)傳統爆(bao)破工藝(yi)，聚能管光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破比常(chang)規爆(bao)破具有以(yi)(yi)下優(you)(you)勢∶少(shao)打眼，少(shao)裝藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。節(jie)約周(zhou)邊鉆孔(kong)(kong)量(liang)50%，總鉆孔(kong)(kong)進尺減(jian)少(shao)30%；節(jie)約炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)10～20%，雷(lei)管30%。節(jie)約噴漿(jiang)料(liao)15-20%。節(jie)省時間(jian)(jian)∶每循環鉆孔(kong)(kong)、裝藥(yao)(yao)(yao)、噴漿(jiang)時間(jian)(jian)1.5-2.0小時。在安全方面(mian)利用(yong)水(shui)沙袋替(ti)代炮(pao)泥(ni)，以(yi)(yi)避免搗炮(pao)泥(ni)損毀電雷(lei)管導線，造(zao)成瞎炮(pao)。大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao)對圍巖擾(rao)動(dong)，光(guang)面(mian)效果好(hao)，巖性條件(jian)差情況(kuang)下可(ke)以(yi)(yi)大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao)超挖量(liang)，控制巷道(dao)成型；巖性完整無節(jie)理情況(kuang)下眼痕(hen)率(lv)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)達到90%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，巷道(dao)成型好(hao)，穩定(ding)性強。布孔(kong)(kong)方式(shi)優(you)(you)化(hua)成多排掏槽布孔(kong)(kong)，單次掘進深度可(ke)以(yi)(yi)優(you)(you)化(hua)提高10%到15%不等。由于(yu)炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)數量(liang)大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)考慮(lv)一起全斷面(mian)起爆(bao)，節(jie)省放(fang)炮(pao)時間(jian)(jian)。

我國于(yu)1983年(nian)制(zhi)定了《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖(yan)行基礎開挖(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此(ci)，在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)建(jian)設(she)中預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成為(wei)必須進行的保護邊坡(po)(po)(po)質(zhi)量的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開挖(wa)(wa)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。此(ci)后在此(ci)基礎上修(xiu)訂(ding)的《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖(yan)石(shi)基礎開挖(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及(ji)在《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖(yan)石(shi)基礎開挖(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均被編入并(bing)有所(suo)改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修(xiu)編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部也不(bu)僅規(gui)(gui)(gui)定了凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖(yan)石(shi)邊坡(po)(po)(po)，設(she)計邊坡(po)(po)(po)坡(po)(po)(po)度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊坡(po)(po)(po)部位的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)計和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采用光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或(huo)預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并(bing)闡(chan)述了光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)計的原則和參數(shu)、安全措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，而且還明確(que)了路塹(qian)邊坡(po)(po)(po)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項目(mu)質(zhi)量驗(yan)收(shou)檢測(ce)數(shu)量和檢測(ce)方法。無疑該規(gui)(gui)(gui)程的實施(shi)(shi)，有力(li)地推動和促進了光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在鐵(tie)路建(jian)設(she)中的應用與(yu)發(fa)展。

專用礦用型聚能管水壓光面爆破技術，是在水壓光面爆破技術基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，其掏槽眼、輔助眼裝藥結構和爆破方式與水壓光面爆破相同，但在周邊眼中安裝專用聚能管裝置替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線，利用聚能管產生的粒子射流動能、高壓爆破氣體應力及“氣楔”作用，形成平整圓順的開挖輪廓面，對控制超欠挖具有良好效果，有效提升了隧道施工質量、進度和經濟效益。山東礦用型聚能管科(ke)學合理地利用能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，提(ti)高能(neng)(neng)(neng)源利用效(xiao)率，對(dui)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排也十分重要。利用聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端(duan)的(de)(de)水平開出的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)射(she)流效(xiao)應對(dui)巖石進(jin)行(xing)破碎(sui)。據專家(jia)測算，由于聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端(duan)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)應，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比提(ti)升一個量級。

施工因(yin)其(qi)復(fu)雜(za)性(xing)、專業性(xing)、危(wei)險性(xing)，稍有不慎，將(jiang)對人民的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命財產(chan)(chan)(chan)安全(quan)造(zao)成不可(ke)估(gu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)失，例如廣東宏大寧夏“10.16”、山東保(bao)利“5.20”等重大安全(quan)事故。因(yin)此，相(xiang)較其(qi)他行(xing)業，國(guo)家出臺的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)法律(lv)法規多、專、嚴(yan)，從(cong)爆破材料(liao)（炸藥、雷管、導爆索?管?及(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)材料(liao)）的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、購進(jin)(jin)、運輸、儲存、發放、布網、連接、起(qi)爆、排爆等一(yi)系列程(cheng)序(xu)均有嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)規定和(he)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作規程(cheng)，并且相(xiang)關(guan)從(cong)業單位和(he)人員(yuan)均應取得相(xiang)應資質(zhi)(zhi)。做為各類爆破中(zhong)不可(ke)或(huo)缺的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種導線(xian)，特別不同于(yu)一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜，其(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)要求(qiu)及(ji)各項(xiang)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)參數也(ye)與普通(tong)電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜不同。部分家庭作坊式的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜廠無(wu)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)工藝(yi)、無(wu)基本的(de)(de)(de)檢測設備、無(wu)專業的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)人員(yuan)，甚至不知道爆破線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)要求(qiu)和(he)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)參數，更不可(ke)能制訂自己的(de)(de)(de)企業標準，僅憑簡陋的(de)(de)(de)設備、以(yi)粗糙的(de)(de)(de)模仿(fang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營活動，致使市場(chang)充(chong)斥著(zhu)假冒偽(wei)劣產(chan)(chan)(chan)品，導致爆破中(zhong)提前或(huo)延遲起(qi)爆、盲炮增(zeng)加(jia)且強制排爆困難，給(gei)人身(shen)安全(quan)和(he)財產(chan)(chan)(chan)以(yi)及(ji)正常的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營活動造(zao)成了不可(ke)估(gu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)失。

聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)法特點是:不需(xu)要打眼(yan)(yan)，因而(er)(er)不需(xu)要購買(mai)打眼(yan)(yan)設備和(he)動力設備;施工(gong)簡(jian)單，施工(gong)進(jin)度(du)比淺眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)法快安全性比普通(tong)淺眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)法和(he)普通(tong)裸(luo)露藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包法好;勞(lao)動強(qiang)度(du)比淺眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)法低。制造(zao)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包所采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)有:黑索金(jin)和(he)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)混合(he)熔鑄型;乳化油炸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)黑索金(jin)混裝型和(he)二號(hao)巖石硝鉸炸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)壓制型。根(gen)據使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)證明，選(xuan)用密度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)和(he)爆(bao)速較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)制造(zao)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包能(neng)(neng)(neng)獲(huo)得較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)效果(guo)。這(zhe)主要是由于(yu)它加工(gong)簡(jian)單和(he)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)。在(zai)礦山由于(yu)二次破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)消(xiao)耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包較(jiao)(jiao)多，而(er)(er)且金(jin)屬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)費工(gong)又(you)費材料(liao)，所以多不采(cai)用藥(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩(zhao)。國內生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種用于(yu)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)大(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包，裝置(zhi)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包時，要將(jiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包垂直(zhi)裝在(zai)大(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)面上(shang)，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)穴(xue)朝下。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包位置(zhi)應選(xuan)在(zai)頂(ding)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何中心或(huo)附近(jin)較(jiao)(jiao)平整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)點。然后在(zai)上(shang)面覆蓋(gai)泥沙。